Table 6.
Total of publications giving information about the effects of “maintenance with partial intravenous anaesthesia (PIVA)” on the recovery phase.
| LoE | References |
|---|---|
| 1 | (1) Anaesthesia in horses using halothane and intravenous ketamine-guaiphenesin: A clinical study [216] (2) Infusion of guaifenesin, ketamine, and medetomidine in combination with inhalation of sevoflurane versus inhalation of sevoflurane alone for anesthesia of horses [217] (3) Interactions of morphine and isoflurane in horses [218] (4) Effect of a constant rate infusion of lidocaine on the quality of recovery from sevoflurane or isoflurane general anaesthesia in horses [219] (5) Morphine administration in horses anaesthetized for upper respiratory tract surgery [220] (6) Combined anaesthesia with isoflurane and an infusion of a mixture of ketamine, midazolam and one of three α2-adrenoreceptor agonists for castration in horses [221] (7) A clinical comparison of two anaesthetic protocols using lidocaine or medetomidine in horses [222] (8) The effects of morphine on the recovery of horses from halothane anaesthesia [223] (9) Clinical evaluation of ketamine and lidocaine intravenous infusions to reduce isoflurane requirements in horses under general anaesthesia [224] (10) A study of cardiovascular function under controlled and spontaneous ventilation in isoflurane-medetomidine anaesthetized horses [225] (11) Effects of high plasma fentanyl concentrations on minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in horses [226] (12) Evaluation of anesthesia recovery quality after low-dose racemic or S-ketamine infusions during anesthesia with isoflurane in horses [227] (13) Romifidine as a constant rate infusion in isoflurane anaesthetized horses: A clinical study [228] (14) Effects of adding butorphanol to a balanced anaesthesia protocol during arthroscopic surgery in horses [229] (15) Comparison of cardiovascular function and quality of recovery in isoflurane-anaesthetised horses administered a constant rate infusion of lidocaine or lidocaine and medetomidine during elective surgery [230] (16) A clinical study on the effect in horses during medetomidine-isoflurane anaesthesia, of butorphanol constant rate infusion on isoflurane requirements, on cardiopulmonary function and on recovery characteristics [231] (17) Effects of a constant rate infusion of detomidine on cardiovascular function, isoflurane requirements and recovery quality in horses [232] (18) Effects of constant rate infusion of lidocaine and ketamine, with or without morphine, on isoflurane MAC in horses [233] (19) Comparison of the cardiovascular effects of equipotent anesthetic doses of sevoflurane alone and sevoflurane plus an intravenous infusion of lidocaine in horses [234] (20) Comparison of the effects of xylazine bolus versus medetomidine constant rate infusion on the stress response, urine production, and anesthetic recovery characteristics in horses anesthetized with isoflurane [235] (21) Medetomidine continuous rate intravenous infusion in horses in which surgical anaesthesia is maintained with isoflurane and intravenous infusions of lidocaine and ketamine [236] (22) Influence of a constant rate infusion of dexmedetomidine on cardiopulmonary function and recovery quality in isoflurane anaesthetized horses [237] (23) Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of two partial intravenous anesthetic protocols, compared with isoflurane alone, to maintain general anesthesia in horses [238] (24) Continuous intravenous lidocaine infusion during isoflurane anaesthesia in horses undergoing surgical procedures [239] (25) A comparison of two morphine doses on the quality of recovery from general anaesthesia in horses [240] (26) Effects of a constant-rate infusion of dexmedetomidine on the minimal alveolar concentration of sevoflurane in ponies [241] (27) Comparison of the influence of two different constant-rate infusions (dexmedetomidine versus morphine) on anaesthetic requirements, cardiopulmonary function and recovery quality in isoflurane anaesthetized horses [242] (28) Cardiopulmonary effects of an infusion of remifentanil or morphine in horses anesthetized with isoflurane and dexmedetomidine [243] (29) Effects of a continuous rate infusion of butorphanol in isoflurane-anesthetized horses on cardiorespiratory parameters, recovery quality, gastrointestinal motility and serum cortisol concentrations [244] (30) Minimum end-tidal sevoflurane concentration necessary to prevent movement during a constant rate infusion of morphine, or morphine plus dexmedetomidine in ponies [245] (31) Effects of a constant rate infusion of medetomidine-propofol on isoflurane minimum alveolar concentrations in horses [246] (32) Cardiopulmonary effects and recovery quality of remifentanil–isoflurane anesthesia in horses [247] (33) Clinical comparison of two regimens of lidocaine infusion in horses undergoing laparotomy for colic [248] (34) Effects of medetomidine constant rate infusion on sevoflurane requirement, cardiopulmonary function, and recovery quality in Thoroughbred racehorses undergoing arthroscopic surgery [249] (35) The cardiovascular status of isoflurane-anaesthetized horses with and without dexmedetomidine constant rate infusion evaluated at equivalent depths of anaesthesia [250] (36) Cardiopulmonary effects and anaesthesia recovery quality in horses anaesthetized with isoflurane and low-dose S-ketamine or medetomidine infusions [251] (37) Comparison of the effects of an intravenous lidocaine infusion combined with 1% isoflurane versus 2% isoflurane alone on selected cardiovascular variables and recovery characteristics during equine general anaesthesia [252] (38) Clinical usefulness of intravenous constant rate infusion of fentanyl and medetomidine under sevoflurane anesthesia in Thoroughbred racehorses undergoing internal fixation surgery [253] (39) Effect of detomidine or romifidine constant rate infusion on plasma lactate concentration and inhalant requirements during isoflurane anaesthesia in horses [254] (40) Clinical comparison of dexmedetomidine and medetomidine for isoflurane balanced anaesthesia in horses [255] (41) Clinical evaluation of constant rate infusion of alfaxalone-medetomidine combined with sevoflurane anesthesia in Thoroughbred racehorses undergoing arthroscopic surgery [256] (42) Clinical effects of constant rate infusions of medetomidine-propofol combined with sevoflurane anesthesia in Thoroughbred racehorses undergoing arthroscopic surgery [257] (43) Plasma concentrations at two dexmedetomidine constant rate infusions in isoflurane anaesthetized horses: A clinical study [258] |
| 2 | (44) Hemodynamic function during neurectomy in halothane-anesthetized horses with or without constant dose detomidine infusion [259] (45) Combination of continuous intravenous infusion using a mixture of guaifenesin-ketamine-medetomidine and sevoflurane anesthesia in horses [260] (46) Evaluation of a mixture of thiopental-guafinesine-medetomidine and sevoflurane anesthesia in horses [261] (47) Influence of ketamine or xylazine supplementation on isoflurane anaesthetized horses--a controlled clinical trial [262] (48) Comparative study on sevoflurane anesthesia alone and combined with partial intravenous anesthesia using dexmedetomidine in healthy horses [263] |
| 3 | (49) Problems associated with perioperative morphine in horses: A retrospective case analysis [264] (50) Recovery quality after romifidine versus detomidine infusion during isoflurane anesthesia in horses [265] |
| 4 | (51) Minimal alveolar concentration of desflurane in combination with an infusion of medetomidine for the anaesthesia of ponies [266] (52) Influence of gastrointestinal tract disease on pharmacokinetics of lidocaine after intravenous infusion in anesthetized horses [267] (53) Clinical assessment of anesthesia with isoflurane and medetomidine in 300 equidae [268] (54) Partial intravenous anaesthesia in 5 horses using ketamine, lidocaine, medetomidine and halothane [269] |
| 5 | (55) Prolonged anesthesia using sevoflurane, remifentanil and dexmedetomidine in a horse [270] (56) Anesthetic management with sevoflurane combined with alfaxalone-medetomidine constant rate infusion in a Thoroughbred racehorse undergoing a long-time orthopedic surgery [271] |
| Total PIVA publications = 56 | |
LoE: level of evidence.