Skip to main content
. 2021 Jun 15;10(6):1213. doi: 10.3390/plants10061213

Table 5.

Current status of WHO listed plant-based vaccine candidates for COVID-19 under trial stages.

Vaccine Vaccine Platform Description Developers Transformation Method Expression System Status No. of Doses Schedule Route of Administration References
COVID-19 VPL Vaccine (CoVLP) Virus-like particle (VLP)/Spike protein Medicago Inc. (Québec, Canada) VLPExpress™ system (Agro-infiltration) Nicotiana benthamiana Phase 2/3 2 Day 0 + 21 IM [135,143]
COVID-19 Subunit Vaccine (KBP-201) Protein Subunit Kentucky BioProcessing, Inc. (KBP) Agro-infiltration Nicotiana benthamiana Phase 2 2 Day 0 + 21 IM [144]
COVID-19 Subunit Vaccine (IBIO-201) Protein Subunit/Spike protein iBio, Inc. (NY, USA) FastPharming™ system (Agro-infiltration) Arabidopsis thaliana Pre-clinical NA NA NA [145]
COVID-19 Subunit Vaccine Development of recombinant protein-based S1 and S2 (Spike) and nucleocapsid subunits vaccines using a plant expression vector. Akdeniz University (Turkey) Agro-infiltration Nicotiana benthamiana Pre-clinical NA NA NA [142]
COVID-19 VLP Virus-like particle/Spike protein Shiraz University (Iran) Agro-infiltration Nicotiana benthamiana Pre-clinical NA NA NA [142]
COVID-19 Subunit Vaccine Plant-based subunit (RBD-Fc + Adjuvant)/Spike protein Baiya Phytopharm/Chula Vaccine Research Center (Thailand) Agro-infiltration Nicotiana benthamiana Pre-clinical NA NA NA [3]