Figure 2.

Effects of targeting CXCR4 and CXCR7 signaling in combination with the standard-of-care treatment in preclinical in vivo models and in phase I and phase II studies. (A) Tumor growth is reduced by multiple drugs targeting CXCR4 (depicted in green), CXCR7 (depicted in yellow) and CXCL12 (NOX-A12 + IR). The phagocytic activity of TAMs and efficacy of NK cells is increased. (B) Angiogenesis is reduced by anti-CXCR4 treatment. (C) Combining the standard-of-care therapy consisting of surgical removal of the tumor, radio- and chemotherapy with anti-CXCR4 or anti-CXCR7 treatment hinders the development of recurrence. TMZ = temozolomide; IR = irradiation. Created with BioRender.com.