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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jun 25.
Published in final edited form as: Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2018 Jul 2;18(9):815–821. doi: 10.1080/14737140.2018.1493380

Table 2.

Select clinical trials evaluating avelumab in combination with other immuno-oncology (IO) agents.

Avelumab + IO combos (ClinicalTrials. gov ID) Trial Patient population phase/design Primary/secondary endpoint immunologic correlates Enrollment statusa/anticipated completion
NCT03268057 (opened Oct 2017) VX15/2503 (anti-Semaphorin 4D/SEMA4D mAb) in combination with avelumab in advanced NSCLC
  • Phase Ib/II, 3 + 3 dose escalation/dose expansion

  • Stage IIIB/IV NSCLC with progression on cytotoxic chemotherapy

  • VX15/2503 dose escalation 5 mg/kg to 15 mg/kg, biweekly dosing cycle

  • Biweekly IV avelumab (10 mg/kg)

  • 1° EP: number of DLTs per dose level, frequency of AEs

  • 2° EP: ORR, DoR, PFS at 2 yr

  • Immunogenicity of VX15/2503 + avelumab by titer of anti-drug antibodies

  • Currently recruiting (n = 40)

  • Completion date May 2020

NCT03260023 (opened Sept 2017) Combination of TG4001 and Avelumab in HPV-16 + oropharyngeal HNSCC
  • Phase Ib/II, 3 + 3 dose escalation/dose expansion

  • Recurrent/unresectable or metastatic HPV-16+ cancer, prior platinum required (≤ 2 prior systemic therapies)

  • Phase II expansion cohort of oropharyngeal HNSCC

  • TG4001 (MVA-HPV-IL2) is a modified vaccinia virus Ankara vector encoding HPV-16 E6/E7 antigens and IL-2 adjuvant

  • 1° EP: DLTs, AEs/ORR [phase II]

  • 2° EP: ORR, DoR, PFS, DCR

  • Currently recruiting (n = 52)

  • Completion date May 2021

NCT02994953 (opened Jan 2017) Avelumab in combination with NHS-IL12 (M9241) in solid tumors
  • Phase Ib, dose-finding

  • Recurrent/unresectable or metastatic solid tumors; part B will enroll post-platinum UC, 1st line mNSCLC, recurrent/refractory CRC (MSS only), RCC after immune checkpoint failure

  • NHS-IL12 SC injection day 1 each cycle (ly) and biweekly IV avelumab (days 1 and 15)

  • 1° EP: treatment-related, DLTs and best overall response

  • 2° EP: pharmacokinetics

  • Currently recruiting (n = 170)

  • Completion date Apr 2019

NCT02584829 (opened Nov 2015) Avelumab in combination with MHC upregulation (intratumoral IFNβ or RT) ± adoptive transfer of MCPyV TAg-specific CD8+ T-cells in metastatic Merkel Cell Carcinoma
  • Phase I/II, metastatic Merkel Cell Carcinoma

  • MHC upregulation: localized RT or intra-tumoral IFNβ, delivered 7–10 days after first dose of avelumab (IV biweekly up to 1 year)

  • Adoptive T-cell transfer: two infusions of MCPyV TAg-specific polyclonal autologous CD8+ T-cells, delivered 2–5 days after avelumab

  • 1° EP: time to new metastasis (response), AEs

  • 2° EP: response per RECIST v1.1

  • Epitope spreading and recognition of MCPyV TAg

  • In vivo persistence/functionality of transferred T-cells

  • Currently recruiting (n = 20)

  • Completion date Jul 2019

NCT03217747 (opened Aug 2017) Avelumab in combination with other anti-cancer therapies in advanced malignancies
  • Phase I/II, avelumab combined with checkpoint agonists ± RT or cisplatin/RT of limited/locally advanced/metastatic solid tumors

  • Arm A: avelumab (IV 10 mg/kg q2wks) + anti-4-1BB/utomilumab (IV 100 mg q4wks

  • Arm B: avelumab + OX40 agonist [PF-04518600] (IV 0.3 mg/kg q2wks)

  • Arm C: avelumab + anti-4-1BB + OX40 agonist (IV 0.1 mg/kg q2wks)

  • Arm D: avelumab + anti-4-1BB + RT (6 Gy × 10)

  • Arm E: avelumab + OX40 agonist + RT (6 Gy × 10)

  • Arm F: avelumab + anti-4-1BB + OX40 agonist + RT (6 Gy × 10)

  • Arm G: avelumab + cisplatin (IV 40 mg/m2)/RT (1.8 Gy × 25)

  • 1° EP: MTD, AEs, changes in CD8 expression before/after treatment – correlated clinical benefit with response

  • 2° EP: ORR per RECIST and irRC, PFS, DoR, OS

  • Currently recruiting (n = 188)

  • Completion date Aug 2022

NCT02554812 (opened Nov 2015) Avelumab in combination with other cancer immunotherapies in advanced malignancies (JAVELIN Medley)
  • Phase Ib/II – locally advanced/metastatic solid tumors with progression on SOC or without treatment options; NSCLC, melanoma, HNSCC, TNBC, CRC, gastric cancer, ovarian cancer, UC.

  • Cohort A: avelumab + anti-4-1BB/utomilumab

  • Cohort B: avelumab + OX40 agonist (PF-04518600)

  • Cohort C: avelumab + anti-M-CSF (PD-0360324)

  • Cohort D: avelumab + anti-4-1BB + OX40 agonist

  • 1° EP: DLTs for combination therapy, objective response

  • 2° EP: TTR, DoR, PFS, OS

  • PD-L1 expression and CD8+ TIL

  • currently recruiting (n = 560)

  • Completion date Feb 2020

NCT03050814 (opened Apr 2017) Ad-CEA vaccine and Avelumab in previously untreated mCRC
  • Randomized phase II, mCRC-MSS [lacking mismatch repair deficiency]

  • Arm A: SOC = FOLFOX + bevacizumab followed by bevacizumab + capecitabine maintenance

  • Arm B: SOC + avelumab + Ad-CEA vaccine (SC injection) + SOC

  • Ad-CEA, adenovirus-based CEA-targeting vaccine

  • 1° EP: PFS at 18 mo

  • 2° EP: AE, ORR, mOS

  • Genomic/proteomic profiling and quantitative immunologic analysis

  • Currently recruiting (n = 81)

  • Completion date Aug 2021

NCT02951156 (opened Dec 2016) Combination regimens of immunotherapy, epigenetic modulator and CD20-antagonist or chemotherapy in refractory/relapsed DLBCL (JAVELIN DLBCL)
  • Phase Ib/III, relapsed/refractory DLBCL, ≤4 prior lines of rituximab-containing multi-agent chemotherapy or ASCT failure/ineligible.

  • Arm D selected based on phase Ib arm A–C, will enter phase III randomization vs SOC (arm E)

  • Arm A: avelumab + utomilumab + rituximab

  • Arm B: avelumab + utomilumab + azacitidine

  • Arm C: avelumab + rituximab + bendamustine

  • phase III: Arm D vs Arm E (rituximab/bendamustine or rituximab/gemcitabine/oxaliplatin)

  • 1° EP: DLT, ORR (phase Ib); PFS [phase III]

  • 2° EP: DoR, TTR, DCR, PFS, OS, minimal residual disease [phase Ib]; OS, PFS, ORR, TTR, DoR, DCR [phase III]

  • PD-L1 expression levels on tumor cells and TIL at baseline

  • Currently recruiting (n = 304)

  • Completion date May 2021

NCT03136406 (opened Dec 2017) Combination immunotherapy with aNK in pancreatic cancer with progression on/after SOC
  • Phase Ib/II, pancreatic cancer patients with PD after prior SOC chemotherapy

  • Combination: ALT-803, ETBX-011, GI-4000, aNK, avelumab, multi-agent chemo

  • Vaccines: ETBX-011 (CEA-targeting vaccine), GI-4000 (recombinant S. cerevisiae yeast-vaccine expressing mutant Ras proteins)

  • ALT-803, IL-15 superagonist,

  • aNK, activated NK cells engineered to not express killer inhibitory receptors (KIR)

  • 1° EP: treatment-related AEs [phase Ib]; ORR by RECIST and irRC [phase II]

  • 2° EP: ORR/PFS by RECIST/irRECIST, OS, DoR, DCR [phase Ib]; PFS/OS, DoR, DCR, patient-reported outcomes, treatment-related AEs

  • Currently recruiting (n = 80)

  • Completion date Dec 2018

NCT03329248 (opened Nov 2017) Combination immunotherapy with haNK in pancreatic cancer with progression on/after SOC
  • Phase Ib/II, pancreatic cancer patients with PD after prior SOC chemotherapy. Phase II is Simon’s two-stage optimal design; those with CR during induction phase will enter maintenance phase

  • Combination: ALT-803, ETBX-011, GI-4000, haNK, avelumab, multi-agent chemo, SBRT

  • Vaccines: ETBX-011 (CEA-targeting vaccine), GI-4000 (Ras-mutant targeting S. cerevisiae yeast-vaccine)

  • ALT-803, IL-15 superagonist,

  • haNK, modified NK cells to express high-affinity CD16 to potentiate ADCC

  • 1° EP: treatment-related AEs [phase Ib]; ORR by RECIST [phase II]

  • 2° EP: ORR, PFS by RECIST/irRECIST, OS, DoR, DCR [phase Ib]; PFS by RECIST/irRC, OS, DoR, DCR, patient-reported outcomes

  • Currently recruiting (n = 80)

  • Completion date Dec 2019

a

Study recruitment status as of December 1st, 2017 per ClinicalTrials.gov.

1° EP: primary endpoint; 2° EP: secondary endpoint; ADCC: antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity; AEs: adverse events; aNK: activated natural killer cells; ASCT; autologous stem cell transplant; CR: complete response; CRC: colorectal carcinoma; DCR: disease control rate; DLBLC: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; DLT: dose-limiting toxicity; DoR: duration of response; haNK: high-affinity natural killer cells; HNSCC: squamous cell carcinoma of the head & neck; ID: intradermal; IFN: interferon; IO: Immuno-oncology; irRC: immune-related RECIST; IV: intravenous; mAb: monoclonal antibody; MCPyV TAg: Merkel cell polyoma virus T antigen; mCRC; metastatic colorectal cancer; M-CSF: macrophage-colony stimulating factor; mNSCLC: metastatic NSCLC; MSS: mismatch repair-proficient; RECIST: response evaluation criteria in solid tumors; MTD; maximum tolerated dose; NSCLC: non-small cell lung cancer; ORR: objective response rate; OS: overall survival; PD: progression of disease; PFS: progression-free survival; RCC: renal cell carcinoma; RT: radiation therapy; SBRT: stereotactic body radiation therapy; SC: subcutaneous; SOC: standard-of-care; TIL: tumor infiltrating lymphocytes; TNBC: triple negative breast cancer; TTR: time to tumor response; UC: urothelial carcinoma.