Table 2. Travel characteristics of cases and controls reporting overnight travel in prior 30 days1, from a sample of 770 cases and 641 controls in Zambezi Region.
| Characteristic | Domestic (Low risk) | Domestic (High risk) | Cross-border | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases N = 14 | Controls N = 50 | Cases N = 49 | Controls N = 60 | Cases N = 18 | Controls N = 7 | |
| Male | 8 (57.1) | 20 (40.0) | 33 (67.4) | 25 (41.7) | 11 (61.1) | 7 (100.0) |
| Age category: | ||||||
| <5 | 1 (7.1) | 5 (10.0) | 2 (4.1) | 6 (10.0) | 3 (16.7) | 1 (14.3) |
| 5–14 | 0 (0.0) | 10 (20.0) | 11 (22.5) | 17 (28.3) | 5 (27.8) | 0 (0.0) |
| 15–59 | 13 (92.9) | 35 (70.0) | 32 (65.3) | 36 (60.0) | 9 (50.0) | 5 (71.4) |
| 60 + | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (8.2) | 1 (1.7) | 1 (5.6) | 1 (14.3) |
| Foreign citizenship | 2 (14.3) | 3 (6.0) | 8 (16.3) | 6 (10.0) | 14 (77.8) | 3 (42.9) |
| Early season (Nov-Feb) | 9 (21.4) | 9 (18.0) | 14 (28.6) | 15 (25.0) | 15 (83.4) | 1 (14.3) |
| Frequency: | ||||||
| > 1 per month | 3 (21.4) | 11 (22.9) | 16 (35.6) | 11 (18.6) | 1 (5.6) | 0 (0.0) |
| < 1 per month | 4 (28.6) | 23 (47.9) | 16 (35.6) | 26 (44.1) | 7 (38.9) | 4 (57.1) |
| ≤ 1 per year | 7 (50.0) | 14 (29.2) | 13 (28.9) | 22 (37.3) | 10 (55.6) | 3 (42.9) |
| Duration: | ||||||
| < 1 week | 7 (50.0) | 32 (64.0) | 29 (59.2) | 30 (50.0) | 3 (16.7) | 3 (42.9) |
| 1–4 weeks | 6 (42.9) | 16 (32.0) | 14 (28.6) | 27 (45.0) | 3 (16.7) | 4 (57.1) |
| 1 month + | 1 (7.1) | 2 (4.0) | 6 (12.2) | 3 (5.0) | 12 (66.7) | 0 (0.0) |
| Reason for travel: | ||||||
| Occupation | 2 (14.3) | 8 (16.0) | 9 (18.4) | 11 (18.3) | 2 (11.1) | 0 (0.0) |
| Education | 0 (0.0) | 2 (4.0) | 6 (12.2) | 3 (5.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Family | 10 (71.4) | 32 (64.0) | 31 (63.3) | 39 (65.0) | 16 (88.9) | 6 (85.7) |
| Other2 | 2 (14.3) | 8 (16.0) | 3 (6.1) | 7 (11.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (14.3) |
| Use of bite prevention | 3 (21.4) | 7 (14.0) | 5 (10.2) | 10 (16.7) | 3 (16.7) | 3 (42.9) |
| Destination: | ||||||
| northern Namibia (Zambezi) | 13 (92.9) | 47 (94.0) | 49 (100.0) | 55 (91.7) | - | - |
| northern Namibia (Other) | 1 (7.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (8.3) | - | - |
| Other Namibia (Hardap, Khomas) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (6.0) | - | - | - | - |
| Western Province, Zambia | - | - | - | - | 15 (83.3) | 4 (57.1) |
| Other, Zambia | - | - | - | - | 1 (5.6) | 3 (42.9) |
| Cuando Cubango, Angola | - | - | - | - | 2 (11.1) | 0 (0.0) |
1 If >1 destination, characteristics summarized for destination with highest risk,
2 Funerals, health, church and shopping.