Table 3.

Linear Regression Predicting Change in Cognitive Ability

	Unadjusted*		Adjusted**
	B	p	B	p
Predictor
BICS self-regulation development (negative = less difficulties)	−3.35	.008	−2.73	.023
Covariates
Typically-verbal group (reference = minimally-verbal group)	6.79	.012	6.81	.010
Age	−1.84	.084	−1.95	.055
Sex: male (reference = female)	−1.77	.477
Race: black (reference = white)	−0.56	.795
Ethnicity: hispanic (reference = non-hispanic)	1.94	.345
Income (reference = > $60,000):
< $20,000	−1.11	.710
$20,000 – $40,000	0.93	.784
$40,000 – $60,000	−2.77	.446
DAS-II General Conceptual Ability (standard score): Time 1	0.96	< .001	0.85	< .001

All analyses included random effects for classroom.

^*Controlling only for DAS-II Time 1 score.

^**Criterion for entering covariates into adjusted model was a bivariate association (unadjusted model) of p < .2 (Hosmer and Lemeshow, 2000).