Table 3.

Trials using hydrocortisone (HC); design (R = randomized in blue), timing, duration, outcomes (focusing on mortality data), and viral shedding.

Trial Name/Authors (Reference)	Steroid Used, Dosing	Trial Design, Population	Initiation Timing	Duration of Administration (Days)	Main Outcome(s)	Secondary Outcome(s)	Viral Clearance
Dequin P-F et al. [28]	HC Cont iv: 200 mg × 7 d, then 100 mg × 4 d, then 50 mg × 3 d	MC/R/DB critically ill pts		Total max 14	D21 Tx failure (death, persistent MV, HFNC): No significant difference between CS and placebo (under-powered, stopped early)	No significant difference in: need for intubation, proning, ECMO, NO
Angus DC et al. [29]	HC Fixed: 50–100 mg × 4 Shock HC: 50 mg × 4	O-L/R, severe COVID-19 pts, fixed dose HC vs. shock dose HC vs. no HC		7	D21 organ-support free ds: Probability of superiority compared to no CS: 93% in fixed dose HC 80% in shock dose HC	Mortality rate: 30% fixed dose 26% shock dose 33% no CS