Figure 65.

Immunostaining with the serum of two patients with autoimmune encephalitis. (a): Paraneoplastic (breast cancer-associated) autoimmune encephalitis (Stiff-Man syndrome) with autoantibodies to amphiphysin, a 128-kDa presynaptic protein. (b,c): Autoimmune limbic encephalitis. The patient’s 1:20 diluted serum immunostains her own FFPE breast cancer cells (a). The 1:20 diluted serum of limbic encephalitis decorates astroglia (yellow arrowheads in panel (b)) and their glial processes (red arrowheads in panel (c)) in normal basal ganglia embedded in paraffin from another autopsy case.