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. 2021 Jun 15;10(6):535. doi: 10.3390/biology10060535

Table 7.

Individual phenolics for the walnut bark across the six selected cultivars.

Compound Bark Phenolic Content per Cultivar (mg/100 g Dry Weight)
‘Fernor’ ‘Fernette’ ‘Franquette’ ‘Sava’ ‘Krka’ ‘Rubina’
Naphthoquinones
Juglone 251.0 ± 31.2 ac 185.8 ± 8.6 ab 281.2 ± 16.6 bc 169.4 ± 10.2 a 219.4 ± 24.1 ac 299.8 ± 35.6 c
Hydrojuglone 72.8 ± 2.2 bc 89.9 ± 9.6 c 50.7 ± 7.2 ab 65.9 ± 5.5 bc 21.3 ± 2.4 a 66.9 ± 9.8 bc
Hydrojuglone β-D-glucopyranoside 239.8 ± 13.0 a 366.1 ± 18.7 b 342.3 ± 17.8 ab 285.5 ± 26.2 ab 255.1 ± 11.9 ab 523.4 ± 52.7 c
Hydrojuglone rutinoside 47.6 ± 4.8 ab 30.9 ± 3.1 a 40.6 ± 5.5 a 34.9 ± 2.8 a 45.1 ± 3.8 ab 60.9 ± 2.1 b
Hydrojuglone derivative 2 16.6 ± 5.1 a 10.5 ± 4.7 a 156.3 ± 21.1 b 32.0 ± 9.2 a 143.9 ± 9.4 b 143.3 ± 22.0 b
Hydrojuglone derivative 4 1258.0 ± 73.5 c 877.8 ± 53.9 b 639.1 ± 83.0 ab 471.6 ± 35.5 a 417.4 ± 17.0 a 535.2 ± 78.9 a
Hydrojuglone derivative pentoside 1 566.3 ± 25.2 b 757.7 ± 34.4 c 401.4 ± 14.1 a 699.1 ± 35.5 bc 363.2 ± 21.9 a 394.7 ± 42.7 a
Hydrojuglone derivative pentoside 2 6579.7 ± 402.1 b 7608.0 ± 301.1 b 4768.3 ± 337.3 a 7189.0 ± 266.6 b 4672.8 ± 174.5 a 4954.1 ± 494.4 a
Hydrojuglone derivative pentoside 3 605.9 ± 24.3 bc 743.9 ± 32.8 c 487.3 ± 24.5 ab 681.9 ± 36.8 c 427.7 ± 16.0 a 460.3 ± 49.8 ab
Hydrojuglone derivative rhamnoside 2015.2 ± 110.6 a 2332.2 ± 103.3 a 2172.8 ± 157.9 a 2039.4 ± 75.6 a 2222.2 ± 123.3 a 2230.2 ± 193.9 a
Dihydroxytetralone hexoside 43.4 ± 3.0 a 54.0 ± 4.7 a 48.8 ± 2.8 a 47.2 ± 6.8 a 37.7 ± 5.7 a 49.6 ± 3.5 a
Hydroxybenzoic acids
Gallic acid derivative 2 80.0 ± 5.3 ab 89.9 ± 5.3 ab 106.7 ± 4.9 b 92.5 ± 7.0 ab 71.8 ± 3.5 a 93.0 ± 8.9 ab
Gallic acid derivative 3 29.7 ± 3.1 bc 31.1 ± 1.5 c 15.6 ± 0.8 a 35.2 ± 3.6 cd 16.8 ± 2.3 ab 44.1 ± 4.3 d
Ellagic acid derivative 145.6 ± 12.6 b 153.9 ± 8.9 b 155.8 ± 9.7 b 93.2 ± 9.4 a 111.0 ± 7.1 ab 123.0 ± 13.6 ab
Flavanols
Procyanidin dimer 2 219.8 ± 18.8 a 277.1 ± 20.2 a 301.3 ± 25.6 a 335.3 ± 24.5 a 288.7 ± 14.6 a 333.2 ± 45.3 a
Procyanidin dimer derivative 2 200.9 ± 10.5 ab 248.2 ± 21.8 b 213.0 ± 17.1 ab 245.4 ± 17.8 b 149.8 ± 7.8 a 178.4 ± 25.6 ab
(+)Catechin 528.2 ± 56.6 a 557.9 ± 40.9 a 675.5 ± 42.0 a 708.7 ± 49.5 a 748.8 ± 53.0 a 797.2 ± 103.9 a
Flavones
Santin 14.4 ± 2.0 b 6.3 ± 0.4 a 7.7 ± 0.6 a 10.6 ± 2.2 ab 6.6 ± 0.3 a 7.8 ± 0.1 a
5,7-Dihydroxy-3,4-dimetoxyflavone 2.2 ± 0.6 ab 0.9 ± 0.1 a 4.3 ± 0.3 b 4.4 ± 0.9 b 2.4 ± 0.2 ab 3.6 ± 0.5 b
Flavonols
Myricetin pentoside 21.4 ± 1.3 a 26.9 ± 1.5 a 29.4 ± 1.0 a 29.1 ± 2.7 a 23.1 ± 3.2 a 23.1 ± 3.2 a
Myricetin-3-rhamnoside 129.4 ± 9.0 a 156.3 ± 8.2 a 162.7 ± 3.9 a 152.1 ± 12.5 a 121.0 ± 6.8 a 133.4 ± 12.9 a
Quercetin-3-galactoside 210.4 ± 10.7 a 261.9 ± 19.1 ab 248.4 ± 9.7 ab 322.1 ± 28.4 b 224.9 ± 6.5 a 228.0 ± 25.0 a
Quercetin-3-glucoside 141.0 ± 6.2 ab 159.0 ± 5.1 ab 124.3 ± 11.1 ab 165.4 ± 9.2 b 115.7 ± 4.2 a 133.3 ± 17.6 ab
Quercetin-3-arabinopyranoside 69.0 ± 2.3 a 93.5 ± 3.6 ab 91.5 ± 6.1 ab 100.1 ± 8.4 b 74.1 ± 1.8 ab 78.1 ± 9.7 ab
Quercetin-3-arabinofuranoside 69.6 ± 1.9 ab 100.4 ± 7.4 bc 96.7 ± 7.9 ac 123.4 ± 6.7 c 64.9 ± 2.4 a 92.4 ± 14.0 ac
Quercetin-3-rhamnoside 223.8 ± 11.5 ab 320.1 ± 13.3 bc 255.5 ± 33.4 ab 373.9 ± 19.0 c 171.7 ± 5.5 a 315.1 ± 47.4 bc
Quercetin galoyll hexoside 82.7 ± 5.8 ab 97.3 ± 4.9 ab 82.6 ± 7.0 ab 101.6 ± 6.5 b 69.5 ± 3.0 a 76.9 ± 10.0 ab
Kaempferol-7-hexoside 1 150.5 ± 9.7 bc 237.1 ± 8.6 d 113.0 ± 18.3 ab 195.3 ± 11.7 cd 63.5 ± 6.3 a 107.7 ± 23.5 ab
Kaempferol-7-hexoside 2 30.2 ± 1.3 b 42.2 ± 1.5 c 32.2 ± 3.6 bc 26.6 ± 2.4 b 14.8 ± 2.3 a 34.1 ± 2.7 bc
Total naphthoquinones 11696.3 ± 654.3 bc 13056.9 ± 527.9 c 9388.8 ± 596.2 ab 11716.0 ± 488.3 bc 8825.9 ± 339.7 a 9718.4 ± 919.8 ab
Total hydroxycinnamic acids nd nd nd nd Nd nd
Total hydroxybenzoic acids 255.3 ± 15.9 a 274.9 ± 15.4 a 278.2 ± 14.1 a 220.8 ± 19.8 a 199.6 ± 11.4 a 260.2 ± 25.9 a
Total flavanols 948.9 ± 84.2 a 1083.3 ± 78.6 a 1189.8 ± 81.3 a 1289.3 ± 88.6 a 1187.3 ± 72.3 a 1308.7 ± 174.5 a
Total flavones 16.6 ± 2.0 c 7.2 ± 0.4 a 12.0 ± 0.8 ac 15.0 ± 2.9 bc 9.0 ± 0.5 ab 11.4 ± 0.6 ac
Total flavanones nd nd nd nd Nd nd
Total flavonols 1128.0 ± 17.3 ab 1494.5 ± 63.9 bc 1236.2 ± 97.9 ac 1589.5 ± 89.0 c 943.2 ± 16.5 a 1222.2 ± 160.8 ac
Total phenolics content (summation; relevant stadnards) x 14045.2 ± 757.1 ac 15916.8 ± 676.0 c 12104.9 ± 774.8 ab 14830.6 ± 673.2 bc 11165.1 ± 422.7 a 12520.9 ± 1270.9 ac
Total phenolics content (total extracts; mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g dry weight) y 1956.2 ± 77.6 a 2236.4 ± 251.1 a 2544.4 ± 251.3 a 1898.2 ± 121.7 a 1979.3 ± 38.7 a 2740.0 ± 440.6 a

Data are means ± standard error. x expressed as the sum of all of the individual identified phenolics (summation), in mg/100 g dry weight of the most relevant standard. y expressed as the separate analysis of the total phenolics for each extract (total extracts), in mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g dry weight. Means followed by different letters within a cultivar are significantly different (p ≤ 0.05; Tukey’s tests); nd, not detected.