Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Subjects According to Follow-Up Outcomes
| Overall | NAFLD Stability | NAFLD Progression | NAFLD Improvement | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 11,424 | 4433 | 1986 | 5005 | |
| Sex n (%) | |||||
| Male | 9327(81.6) | 3734(84.2) | 1579(79.5) | 4014(80.2) | <0.001 |
| Female | 2097(18.4) | 699(15.8) | 407(20.5) | 991(19.8) | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | 48.20±13.06 | 47.27±12.61 | 47.67±12.83 | 49.24±13.47 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.08±2.87 | 27.08±2.81 | 27.43±2.94a | 26.94±2.89a, b | <0.001 |
| SBP mmHg | 130.85±17.87 | 130.11±17.60 | 131.97±17.56a | 131.06±18.20a | 0.001 |
| DBP mmHg | 76.78±11.42 | 76.84±11.21 | 77.41±11.26 | 76.48±11.66b | 0.011 |
| ALT U/L | 26(19,36) | 27(20,38) | 27(20,38) | 26(19,36) a.b | <0.001 |
| AST U/L | 23(19,27) | 23(19,28) | 23(19,27) | 22(19,27) a | <0.001 |
| GGT U/L | 35(25,52) | 36(26,54) | 36(26,54) | 33(24,51) a.b | <0.001 |
| BUN mmol/L | 5.23±1.21 | 5.27±1.29 | 5.22±1.12 | 5.21±1.17 a | 0.026 |
| SCr μmol/L | 85.54±18.38 | 84.98±20.75 | 84.93±16.23 | 86.28±16.87 a.b | 0.001 |
| FPG mmol/L | 5.46(5.04,6.12) | 5.43(5.02,6.01) | 5.50(5.10,6.14) a | 5.47(5.04,6.16) a | <0.001 |
| HbA1c % | 5.80(5.50,6.30) | 5.70(5.50,6.20) | 5.80(5.50,6.30) | 5.90(5.50,6.30) a | 0.001 |
| TC mmol/L | 5.36±0.97 | 5.37±0.97 | 5.35±0.97 | 5.35±0.99 | 0.432 |
| TG mmol/L | 1.69(1.24,2.40) | 1.71(1.27,2.42) | 1.81(1.31,2.60) a | 1.65(1.21,2.30) a.b | <0.001 |
| HDL mmol/L | 1.21±0.26 | 1.20±0.25 | 1.19±0.25 | 1.22±0.27 a.b | <0.001 |
| LDL mmol/L | 3.20±0.85 | 3.21±0.84 | 3.18±0.83 | 3.19±0.86 | 0.332 |
| TyG index | 9.00±0.60 | 9.00±0.59 | 9.06±0.59 a | 8.97±0.61 a.b | <0.001 |
| Diet n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Vegetarian | 1496(14.1) | 460(11.2) | 288(15.5) | 748(16.1) | |
| Vegetarian and Meat | 7705(72.5) | 3108(75.3) | 1289(69.5) | 3308(71.1) | |
| Meat | 1431(13.5) | 557(13.5) | 278(15.0) | 596(12.8) | |
| Alcohol consumption n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Never drank | 3182(29.9) | 1132(27.5) | 572(30.8) | 1478(31.8) | |
| Drank occasionally | 4524(42.6) | 1832(44.4) | 801(43.2) | 1891(40.7) | |
| Drank frequently | 2923(27.5) | 1159(28.1) | 482(26.0) | 1282(27.6) | |
| Smoking n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Never smoked | 6952(65.4) | 2630(63.8) | 1204(64.9) | 3118(67.0) | |
| Occasional smoker | 1063(10.0) | 424(10.3) | 202(10.9) | 437(9.4) | |
| Daily smoker | 2616(24.6) | 1071(26.0) | 448(24.2) | 1097(23.6) | |
| Physical activity n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Never or rare exercise | 2143(20.2) | 753(18.3) | 421(22.7) | 969(20.8) | |
| Sometimes exercise | 5308(50.0) | 2216(53.7) | 892(48.1) | 2200(47.3) | |
| Often exercise | 3173(29.9) | 1154(28.0) | 540(29.1) | 1479(31.8) |
Notes: All data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, median (interquartile range), or number (percentage); aCompared with stability group, P < 0.05; bCompared with progression group, P < 0.05.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; GGT, γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; SCr, creatinine; UA, uric acid; FPG, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TyG index, triglyceride glucose index.