Table 4.
Multinomial model for past-year IPV with dichotomous district-level fatalities, unadjusted and adjusted associations
| Less severe IPV (no IPV as reference) | |||||
| N= 3,371 | |||||
| Unadjusted association of less severe IPV | |||||
| OR | P value | Low CI | High CI | ||
| 2.24 | p<0.0001 | 1.60 | 3.13 | ||
| Adjusted association of less severe IPV | |||||
| aOR | P value | Low CI | High CI | ||
| Districts with fatalities | 1.67 | 0.01 | 1.12 | 2.48 | |
| Age | 0.97 | p<0.001 | 0.96 | 0.98 | |
| Number of children under 5 | 1.05 | 0.27 | 0.96 | 1.16 | |
| Education | No education (ref) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Primary | 1.19 | 0.28 | 0.87 | 1.65 | |
| Secondary and above | 1.45 | 0.07 | 0.98 | 2.13 | |
| Religion | Christian (ref) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Muslim | 0.76 | 0.38 | 0.41 | 1.41 | |
| Other | 0.85 | 0.45 | 0.56 | 1.29 | |
| Civil status | Married (ref) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Living together | 1.24 | 0.10 | 0.96 | 1.59 | |
| Widow/divorced | 1.12 | 0.53 | 0.78 | 1.59 | |
| Partner education | No education (ref) | -- | -- | -- | - |
| Primary | 0.79 | 0.07 | 0.62 | 1.02 | |
| Secondary and above | 0.77 | 0.05 | 0.59 | 1.00 | |
| Age married | 1.00 | 0.80 | 0.96 | 1.03 | |
| Wealth | Poorest (ref) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Poorer | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 1.5 | |
| Middle | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 1.5 | |
| Richer | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 1.6 | |
| Richest | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 1.7 | |
| Employment | Didn’t work in past 12 months | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Worked in past 12 months | 0.91 | 0.53 | 0.69 | 1.21 | |
| Aggregate violence measure | No violent experiences | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Violent experiences | 1.79 | p<0.001 | 1.25 | 2.56 | |
| Alcohol | Partner doesn’t drink alcohol | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Partner drinks alcohol | 2.16 | p<0.001 | 1.72 | 2.72 | |
| Severe IPV (no IPV as reference) | |||||
| N= 3,371 | |||||
| Unadjusted association of severe IPV | |||||
| OR | P value | Low CI | High CI | ||
| 2.11 | p<0.0001 | 1.65 | 2.70 | ||
| Adjusted association of severe IPV | |||||
| aOR | P value | Low CI | High CI | ||
| Districts with fatalities | 1.59 | p<0.001 | 1.18 | 2.15 | |
| Age | 0.96 | p<0.001 | 0.94 | 0.97 | |
| Number of children under 5 | 1.06 | 0.30 | 0.95 | 1.19 | |
| Education | No education (ref) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Primary | 1.09 | 0.48 | 0.86 | 1.38 | |
| Secondary and above | 0.97 | 0.91 | 0.62 | 1.54 | |
| Religion | Christian (ref) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Muslim | 1.07 | 0.80 | 0.62 | 1.88 | |
| Other | 0.56 | 0.21 | 0.23 | 1.39 | |
| Civil status | Married (ref) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Living together | 1.04 | 0.81 | 0.73 | 1.49 | |
| Widow/divorced | 2.95 | p<0.001 | 2.08 | 4.17 | |
| Partner education | No education (ref) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Primary | 1.12 | 0.58 | 0.75 | 1.68 | |
| Secondary and above | 0.92 | 0.50 | 0.71 | 1.18 | |
| Age married | 0.99 | 0.47 | 0.95 | 1.02 | |
| Wealth | Poorest (ref) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Poorer | 1.12 | 0.61 | 0.72 | 1.76 | |
| Middle | 1.01 | 0.95 | 0.68 | 1.51 | |
| Richer | 1.22 | 0.30 | 0.83 | 1.79 | |
| Richest | 1.04 | 0.92 | 0.48 | 2.24 | |
| Employment | Didn’t work in past 12 months | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Worked in past 12 months | 0.91 | 0.41 | 0.72 | 1.14 | |
| Aggregate violence measure | No violent experiences | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Violent experiences | 1.89 | p<0.001 | 1.41 | 2.54 | |
| Alcohol | Partner doesn’t drink alcohol | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Partner drinks alcohol | 2.88 | p<0.001 | 2.25 | 3.70 | |
| Sexual IPV (no IPV as reference) | |||||
| N= 3,371 | |||||
| Unadjusted association of severe IPV | |||||
| OR | P value | Low CI | High CI | ||
| 1.51 | 0.055 | 0.99 | 2.29 | ||
| Adjusted association of severe IPV | |||||
| aOR | P value | Low CI | High CI | ||
| Districts with fatalities | 1.05 | 0.80 | 0.71 | 1.56 | |
| Age | 0.95 | p<0.001 | 0.94 | 0.97 | |
| Number of children under 5 | 1.00 | 0.97 | 0.88 | 1.14 | |
| Education | No education (ref) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Primary | 1.34 | 0.06 | 0.99 | 1.81 | |
| Secondary and above | 1.13 | 0.63 | 0.69 | 1.87 | |
| Religion | Christian (ref) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Muslim | 1.22 | 0.41 | 0.76 | 1.94 | |
| Other | 2.34 | 0.01 | 1.30 | 4.22 | |
| Civil status | Married (ref) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Living together | 0.65 | 0.04 | 0.43 | 0.97 | |
| Widow/divorced | 1.55 | 0.10 | 0.92 | 2.63 | |
| Partner education | No education (ref) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Primary | 0.91 | 0.58 | 0.65 | 1.27 | |
| Secondary and above | 0.78 | 0.11 | 0.57 | 1.06 | |
| Age married | 1.03 | 0.05 | 1.00 | 1.06 | |
| Wealth | Poorest (ref) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Poorer | 1.46 | 0.07 | 0.97 | 2.19 | |
| Middle | 1.39 | 0.13 | 0.90 | 2.15 | |
| Richer | 1.36 | 0.23 | 0.82 | 2.26 | |
| Richest | 1.50 | 0.10 | 0.92 | 2.43 | |
| Employment | Didn’t work in past 12 months | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Worked in past 12 months | 1.07 | 0.68 | 0.77 | 1.49 | |
| Aggregate Violence Measure | No violent experiences | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Violent experiences | 3.23 | p<0.001 | 1.89 | 5.54 | |
| Alcohol | Partner doesn’t drink alcohol | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Partner drinks alcohol | 2.19 | p<0.001 | 1.60 | 2.98 | |