REAGENT or RESOURCE	SOURCE	IDENTIFIER
Antibodies
Monoclonal rabbit anti-Spike S1 subunit antibodies	Novusbio	clone CR3022
secondary anti-rabbit IgG - FITC labelled antibodies	Invitrogen	Ref: 65-6111/ lot: UG285467
Bacterial and virus strains
SARS-CoV-2	Clinical isolate	-
E. coli	ATCC	25922
Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins
Graphene Oxide (GO)	GrapheneA	C990/GOB105/D
Paraformaldehyde	ChemCruz	Sc-281692
DMEM	EuroClone	P04-03500
PBS	EuroClone	ECB4004L
L-glutamine	EuroClone	ECB3000D
Streptomycin - Penicillin	EuroClone	ECB3001D
Trypsin/EDTA	EuroClone	P10-023100
Triton X-100	Sigma	T-9284
Cristal Violet	RC	29524
Bovine serum albumin	Sigma	A4503-100G
Critical commercial assays
LDH assay	Lonza	MK401-2
MTT assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide	Invitrogen, Life technologies	Lot 2246601/Ref V13154
Deposited data
All data reported in this paper will be shared by the lead contact upon request.
Experimental models: Cell lines
VERO	ATCC	CCL-81
A549 lung cancer cells	ATCC	CCL-185
Software and algorithms
FIJI	ImageJ 1.53c	https://imagej.net/software/fiji/
Microsoft Excel 2016	Microsoft Office	https://www.office.com/
GraphPad Prism 8.0 software	GraphPad	https://www.graphpad.com/scientific-software/prism/