Table 2.
Regression analyses
| Propensity score matched | Unmatched uncorrected | Unmatched corrected for age, sex, BMI and comorbidity | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds Ratio + 95% CI | p-value | Odds Ratio + 95% CI | p-value | Odds Ratio + 95% CI | p-value | |
| Mortality | ||||||
| (1) DPP-4I vs all non-DPP-4I | 0,93 (0,68 – 1,28) | 0,689 | 0,86 (0,36 – 2,01) | 0,734 | 1,00 (0,36 – 2.82) | 0.990 |
| (2) DPP-4I vs metformin/SU | 0,94 (0,73 – 1,21) | 0,647 | 0,86 (0,34 – 2,2) | 0,768 | 0,86 (0,27 – 2,73) | 0,797 |
| (3) DPP-4I vs Insulin* | 0,85 (0,59 – 1,21) | 0,373 | 0,63 (0,26 – 1,54) | 0,316 | 0,74 (0,25 – 2,18) | 0,591 |
| ICU admission | ||||||
| (1) DPP-4I vs all non-DPP-4I | 0,99 (0,8 – 1,22) | 0,95 | 1,61 (0,71 – 3,65) | 0,253 | 1,26 (0,48 – 3,30) | 0,638 |
| (2) DPP-4I vs metformin/SU | 0,94 (0,74 – 1,2) | 0,648 | 1,11 (0,45 – 2,73) | 0,811 | 0,83 (0,29 – 2,35) | 0,722 |
| (3) DPP-4I vs Insulin* | 1,04 (0,9 – 1,2) | 0,538 | 1,72 (0,71 – 4,13) | 0,222 | 1,66 (0,58 – 4,76) | 0,347 |
| Invasive ventilation | ||||||
| (1) DPP-4I vs all non-DPP-4I | 0,98 (0,81 – 1,19) | 0,911 | 1,38 (0,57 – 3,35) | 0,466 | 1,23 (0,46 – 3,32) | 0,677 |
| (2) DPP-4I vs metformin/SU | 0,9 (0,71 – 1,14) | 0,396 | 0,95 (0,36 – 2,48) | 0,918 | 0,85 (0,28 – 2,51) | 0,761 |
| (3) DPP-4I vs Insulin | 1,05 (0,9 – 1,22) | 0,507 | 1,65 (0,64 – 4,26) | 0,297 | 1,94 (0,65 – 5,79) | 0,237 |
| Thrombotic events | ||||||
| (1) DPP-4I vs all non-DPP-4I | 0,98 (0,9 – 1,07) | 0,804 | 0,95 (0,21 – 4,17) | 0,952 | 0,45 (0,06 – 3,45) | 0,447 |
| (2) DPP-4I vs metformin/SU | 0,89 (0,75 – 1,05) | 0,178 | 0,53 (0,11 – 2,53) | 0,434 | 0,24 (0,03 – 1,95) | 0,237 |
| (3) DPP-4I vs Insulin* | 0,96 (0,88 – 1,06) | 0,515 | 1,2 (0,25 – 5,82) | 0,814 | 0,58 (0,06 – 5,52) | 0,622 |
| Infectious events | ||||||
| (1) DPP-4I vs all non-DPP-4I | 0,93 (0,76 – 1,15) | 0,536 | 0,74 (0,21 – 2,54) | 0,638 | 0,73 (0,20 – 2,59) | 0,624 |
| (2) DPP-4I vs metformin/SU | 0,94 (0,79 – 1,11) | 0,485 | 0,67 (0,18 – 2,54) | 0,565 | 0,64 (0,16 – 2,54) | 0,528 |
| (3) DPP-4I vs Insulin* | 0,9 (0,73 – 1,1) | 0,318 | 0,63 (0,17 – 2,28) | 0,488 | 0,70 (0,18 – 2,71) | 0,603 |
Legend: regression analyses on the primary outcome (mortality) and secondary outcomes (ICU admission, invasive ventilation, thrombotic events or infectious events). Thrombotic events include diffuse intravasal coagulation, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Infectious events include the occurrence of pneumonia and septic shock. For all outcomes, both the propensity-score matched analyses and unmatched analyses are shown for the different groups
*in this group, insulin users were included, irrespective of the use of other anti-hyperglycaemic agents, except for DPP-4I