Fig. 5.
Muscle–vasculature relation in DMD. Symptoms related to the microvasculature of striated muscles are listed in boxes. Molecular mechanisms underlying pathogenesis in the muscle-vasculature relation are described in the text. Abbreviations: neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)