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. 2021 Mar 1;238(7):1791–1804. doi: 10.1007/s00213-021-05808-9

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — ICV propranolol (versus vehicle) pretreatment enhanced MAMP-induced stereotypy and rearing responses. Rats were given ICV propranolol (n = 11) or vehicle (n = 12) pretreatment 20 h prior to 7 daily MAMP injections, and stereotypy and rearing responses were recorded daily for 120 min (experiment 1). Stereotypy time on (a) day 1 did not differ between pretreatments and on (b) day 7 was higher in propranolol-pretreated rats. (c) Total stereotypy time increased across MAMP sessions and was higher propranolol-pretreated rats. (d) The slope of stereotypy time across sessions was higher in propranolol-pretreated rats. Rearing events on (e) day 1 were higher in propranolol-pretreated rats and on (f) day 7 did not differ between pretreatments. (g) Total rearing events decreased across MAMP sessions only in propranolol-pretreated rats. (h) The slope of rearing events across sessions did not differ between pretreatments. Main effect of pretreatment: §p < 0.05. Propranolol versus vehicle: *p < 0.05. Day versus day 1: #p < 0.05, ###p < 0.001. Veh, vehicle; Prl, propranolol; SD, standard deviation