Table 1.
Comparison of the 3 groups.
| EE group (n = 144) | EN group (n = 200) | NN group (n = 344) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (at T1) | 78 [68–87] | 80 [60–86] | 79 [64–86] | 0.74 |
| Sex (men) | 64 (44.4%) | 64 (32.0%) | 128 (37.2%) | 0.06 |
| Number of realized measurements | ||||
| 2 measurements | 86 (59.8%) | 109 (54.5%) | 195 (56.7%) | 0.85 |
| 3 measurements | 29 (20.1%) | 49 (24.5%) | 74 (21.5%) | |
| ≥ 4 measurements | 29 (20.1%) | 42 (21.0%) | 75 (21.8%) | |
| Interval T1-T2 (days) | 252 [81–504] | 272 [92–523] | 250 [119–496] | 0.82 |
| Plasma vitamin B12 at T1 (ng/L) | 1521 [1206–2000] | 1177 [1063–1414] | 364 [287–509] | < 0.001 |
| Plasma vitamin B12 at T2 (ng/L) | 1544 [1226–2000] | 613 [427–804] | 370 [281–495] | < 0.001 |
| Time between T1 and last admission (years) | 2.7 [0.7–4.7] | 3.1 [1.5–5.3] | 3.6 [1.8–5.3] | 0.01 |
| Death | 47 (32.6%) | 32 (16.0%) | 44 (12.8%) | < 0.001 |
| Diseases diagnosed during the follow-up period | ||||
| At least 1 elevated-B12-related cause | 75 (52.1%) | 34 (17.0%) | 38 (11.0%) | < 0.001 |
| Chronic liver disease | 32 (22.2%) | 11 (5.5%) | 5 (1.5%) | < 0.001 |
| Severe renal failurea | 0 (0%) | 2 (1.0%) | 0 (0%) | 0.09 |
| Autoimmune/inflammatory disease | 3 (2.1%) | 1 (0.5%) | 4 (1.2%) | 0.43 |
| Myeloid blood malignancy | 25 (17.4%) | 6 (3.0%) | 13 (3.8%) | < 0.001 |
| Solid cancer | 30 (20.8%) | 12 (6.0%) | 14 (4.1%) | < 0.001 |
| Without metastasis | 14 (9.7%) | 7 (3.5%) | 9 (2.6%) | 0.002 |
| With metastasis | 16 (11.1%) | 5 (2.5%) | 5 (1.5%) | < 0.001 |
| Lymphoid blood malignancy | 2 (1.4%) | 2 (1.0%) | 3 (0.9%) | 0.87 |
The 3 groups were compared by ANOVA or Chi-squared test, as appropriate.
aCreatinine clearance with MDRD formula ≤ 30 mL/min/1.73 m2.