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. 2021 Jun 25;11:12833. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-92202-2

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Current and future sea surface temperature (SST) of the Brazilian coast from extracted values of the Bio-ORACLE database. (a) Current mean annual SST at the Brazilian coast and (b) the density of mean SST extracted along the Brazilian coast for current (2000–2014), and future 2040–2050 and 2090–2100 projected SST under a “business as usual” warming rate (RCP 8.5). The vertical dotted line and arrow points the average threshold SST (28.7 °C) recorded during global coral bleaching events between 2007 and 2017 (Sully et al., 2019). Note that the majority of the regions of mean SST for 2040–2050 and 2090–2100 will exceed mean SST bleaching for the current decade. Density was performed using the Kernel Density Estimation. The Map was created in ArcMap version 10.2 (https://desktop.arcgis.com/en/arcmap/) and the density graph was plotted using the package “yarrr”⁴⁹ in R software⁵⁰.