Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of the participants.
| HC | TD-PD | PIGD-PD | P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HC vs. TD-PD vs. PIGD-PD | HC vs. TD-PD | HC vs. PIGD-PD | TD-PD vs. PIGD-PD | ||||
| Number of subjects | 43 | 53 | 27 | ||||
| Sex (male/female) | 25/18 | 32/21 | 15/12 | 0.92a | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Age (years) | 61.6 ± 9.2 | 61.7 ± 8.7 | 57.8 ± 8.1 | 0.13b | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Years of education | 15.2 ± 2.8 | 15.1 ± 2.9 | 15.0 ± 3.2 | 0.99d | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| MoCA | 28.4 ± 1.1 | 28.0 ± 1.3 | 28.7 ± 1.3 | 0.030d | 0.11e | 0.18e | 0.013e |
| Mean SBR | 2.3 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | <0.0001b | <0.0001c | <0.0001c | 0.995c |
| Dominant side (Rt/Lt) | N/A | 28/25 | 11/16 | ||||
| Disease duration (months) | N/A | 7.3 ± 8.5 | 5.8 ± 6.3 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.77d |
| Hoehn and Yahr stage | N/A | 1.5 ± 0.5 | 1.6 ± 0.5 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.39d |
| MDS-UPDRS-III | 0.6 ± 1.5 | 21.0 ± 7.9 | 21.7 ± 9.4 | <0.0001d | <0.0001e | <0.0001e | 0.88e |
| Mean progression of motor signs | N/A | 6.1 ± 5.7 | 6.2 ± 4.1 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.57e |
HC healthy control, Lt left, MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment, N/A not applicable, PIGD-PD patients with postural instability and gait disorder Parkinson’s disease, Rt right, TD-PD patients with tremor-dominant Parkinson’s disease, MDS-UPDRS-III Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Part III.
Statistical analyses were performed using achi-square test, bone-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, cTukey HSD test, dKruskal–Wallis test, and eMann–Whitney U test.