Supplemental Table 2.
Unadjusted associations between gestational hypertensiona and COVID-19 diagnosis with adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes
| Adverse outcomes | n (%) with the outcome | All women | Nulliparous | Parous |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Preterm delivery | ||||
| No GH, no COVID-19 diagnosis | 174 (13.2) | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| No GH, with COVID-19 diagnosis | 130 (21.5) | 1.58 (1.26–1.99)b | 1.72 (1.17–2.51)b | 1.48 (1.11–1.97)b |
| GH, no COVID-19 diagnosis | 17 (21.5) | 2.5 (1.88–3.42)b | 3.09 (2.00–4.79)b | 2.18 (1.44–3.29)b |
| GH, with COVID-19 diagnosis | 22 (36.1) | 3.63 (2.79–4.73)b | 4.18 (2.83–6.16)b | 3.30 (2.29–4.76)b |
| Small for gestational age | ||||
| No GH, no COVID-19 diagnosis | 156 (12.2) | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| No GH, with COVID-19 diagnosis | 74 (12.4) | 0.90 (0.68–1.21) | 1.12 (0.77–1.63) | 0.77 (0.50–1.20) |
| GH, no COVID-19 diagnosis | 17 (21.8) | 1.61 (1.08–2.39)b | 1.57 (0.95–2.60)c | 1.62 (0.86–3.05) |
| GH, with COVID-19 diagnosis | 12 (20.3) | 2.05 (1.41–2.99)b | 2.11 (1.35–3.28)b | 1.82 (0.92–3.59)c |
| Severe perinatal morbidity and mortality indexd | ||||
| No GH, no COVID-19 diagnosis | 102 (7.5) | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| No GH, with COVID-19 diagnosis | 103 (16.4) | 2.30 (1.73–3.07)b | 2.82 (1.80–4.45)b | 2.00 (138–2.91)b |
| GH, no COVID-19 diagnosis | 13 (15.9) | 2.59 (1.66–4.03)b | 2.90 (1.52–5.56)b | 2.33 (1.26–4.31)b |
| GH, with COVID-19 diagnosis | 13 (20.6) | 3.04 (1.97–4.68)b | 2.98 (1.59–5.61)b | 3.13 (1.72–5.68)b |
| Composite maternal morbidity and mortality indexe | ||||
| No GH, no COVID-19 diagnosis | 191 (14.5) | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| No GH, with COVID-19 diagnosis | 166 (27.2) | 1.89 (1.55–2.29)b | 1.78 (1.31–2.42)b | 1.96 (1.52–2.52)b |
| GH, no COVID-19 diagnosis | 14 (17.7) | 1.46 (1.01–2.09)b | 1.67 (1.03–2.71)b | 1.26 (0.73–2.17) |
| GH, with COVID-19 diagnosis | 17 (27.9) | 2.22 (1.62–3.03)b | 2.50 (1.67–3.75)b | 1.88 (1.13–3.10)b |
GH, gestational hypertension; Ref, reference group.
Papageorghiou et al. Preeclampsia and COVID-19. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021.
Includes preeclampsia or gestational hypertension
P<.05
P<.1
Severe perinatal morbidity and mortality index includes at least 1 of the following morbidities: bronchopulmonary dysplasia, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, sepsis, anemia requiring transfusion, patent ductus arteriosus, intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity, intrauterine or neonatal death, or neonatal intensive care unit stay of ≥7 days
Composite maternal morbidity and mortality index includes at least 1 of the following morbidities: third trimester vaginal bleeding, preterm labor, infections requiring antibiotics, maternal admission to the intensive care unit, referral to a higher level of care, or maternal death.