Table 6.
Phenolic acids and flavonoid aglycones contents (µg/g dry extract) in extracts from Viscum album subsp. album collected from different host trees (average, n = 9).
| Compound | Viscum album subsp. album | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Malus domestica Borkh | Populus nigra L. | Populus nigra L. ‘Italica’ | Crataegus monogyna Jacq. | Sorbus aucuparia L. | Fraxinus pensylva-nica Marsh. | Fraxinus exscelsior L. | Acer platanoides L. | Acer saccharinum L. | Tilia cordata Mill. | |
| Phenolic acids | ||||||||||
| Gallic acid | -b | -b | -b | -b | trace a | trace a | 46.62 ± 0.15 | -b | -b | 33.71 ± 0.15 |
| Protocatechuic acid | 118.03 ± 0.86 | 31.30 ± 0.05 | 6.77 ± 0.08 | 72.97 ± 0.78 | 25.80 ± 0.20 | 133.27 ± 1.20 | 203.48 ± 0.15 | 105.08 ± 1.35 | trace a | 138.17 ± 1.17 |
| Gentisic acid | -b | trace a | trace a | -b | -b | -b | trace a | -b | -b | trace a |
| 4-hydroxybenzoic acid | 18.12 ± 0.24 | 37.48 ± 0.25 | 31.70 ± 0.17 | trace a | 56.35 ± 0.35 | trace a | 1.28 ± 0.01 | 11.73 ± 0.11 | 21.45± 0.01 | 18.65 ± 0.25 |
| Vanilic acid | trace a | 72.90 ± 0.15 | 56.69 ± 0.15 | trace a | 46.95 ± 0.15 | trace a | trace a | trace a | 36.59± 0.15 | 34.71 ± 0.15 |
| Caffeic acid | 41.67 ± 0.74 | 43.64 ± 0.35 | 33.98 ± 0.24 | 19.86 ± 0.13 | 36.27 ± 0.24 | 17.26 ± 0.15 | 58.61 ± 0.89 | 33.44 ± 0.25 | 4.57 ± 0.05 | 45.03 ± 0.45 |
| Syringic acid | 55.93 ± 0.55 | 129.49 ± 1.23 | 234.60 ± 4.54 | 49.87 ± 0.41 | 154.20 ± 1.35 | 63.71 ± 0.55 | 41.84 ± 0.36 | 86.80 ± 0.08 | 79.50± 0.27 | 64.55 ± 0.54 |
| p-Coumaric acid | 14.96 ± 0.15 | 16.62 ± 0.17 | 28.80 ± 0.15 | 17.70 ± 0.28 | 18.47 ± 0.27 | trace a | 25.71 ± 0.08 | 17.70 ± 0.09 | 25.30± 0.30 | 23.92 ± 0.27 |
| Ferulic acid | 9.55 ± 0.07 | 15.48± 0.05 | 12.21 ± 0.02 | 5.99 ± 0.06 | 8.43 ± 0.04 | 7.45 ± 0.01 | 6.78 ± 0.10 | 7.99± 0.10 | 5.29 ± 0.04 | 7.75 ± 0.07 |
| Salicylic acid | 1.44 ± 0.01 | 8.48 ± 0.06 | 9.62 ± 0.06 | 0.32 ± 0.02 | 3.23 ± 0.02 | 0.28 ± 0.02 | 1.45 ± 0.01 | 0.70± 0.01 | 2.67 ± 0.01 | 1.56± 0.01 |
| Veratric acid | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b |
| Synapic acid | 33.34 ± 0.40 | 52.08 ± 0.45 | 84.94± 0.34 | 26.40± 0.29 | 50.71 ± 0.51 | 38.2 ± 0.35 | 101.60± 1.20 | 88.83 ± 1.15 | 1.94 ± 0.01 | 59.65 ± 0.50 |
| m-Coumaric acid | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b |
| Rosmarinic acid | trace a | trace a | trace a | trace a | trace a | trace a | trace a | trace a | trace a | trace a |
| TOTAL of phenolic acids | 281.60 | 419.32 | 495.23 | 193.11 | 376.91 | 260.17 | 480.59 | 344.27 | 172.02 | 327.28 |
| Flavonoid aglycones | ||||||||||
| Taxifolin | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b |
| Myricetin | 1.91 ± 0.15 | -b | trace a | trace a | 0.10 ± 0.01 | trace a | trace a | trace a | 0.5 ± 0.01 | trace a |
| Morin | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b |
| Eriodictyol | 1.73 ± 0.01 | -b | 3.20 ± 0.02 | 1.16 ± 0.00 | trace a | 5.06 ± 0.01 | 5.90 ± 0.01 | -b | -b | 6.55 ± 0.01 |
| Luteolin | -b | -b | trace a | -b | trace a | trace a | -b | trace a | -b | 1.67 ± 0.15 |
| Quercetin | 1.88 ± 0.01 | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b |
| 3-O-Methylquercetin | 2.64 ± 0.05 | 2.42 ± 0.02 | 10.39± 0.01 | 12.43± 0.17 | 1.16 ± 0.01 | 5.04 ± 0.00 | 5.49 ± 0.00 | 1.50± 0.00 | 1.28± 0.05 | 8.97 ± 0.05 |
| Apigenin | trace a | 30.86± 0.15 | trace a | trace a | trace a | trace a | -b | 57.32 ± 0.15 | trace a | trace a |
| Naringenin | 0.43 ± 0.15 | trace a | 1.99 ± 0.15 | trace a | trace a | 1.16 ± 0.15 | trace a | 3.95 ± 0.15 | trace a | 1.15 ± 0.15 |
| Kaempferol | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b | trace a | -b | -b |
| Isorhamnetin | 1.83 ± 0.15 | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b | trace a | trace a |
| Rhamnetin | 12.5 ± 0.01 | -b | trace a | -b | trace a | trace a | -b | -b | trace a | trace a |
| Chrysin | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b |
| Sakuranetin | 2.22 ± 0.02 | -b | -b | -b | trace a | trace a | -b | -b | trace a | -b |
| Prunetin | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b | -b |
| Rhamnazin | 32.08 ± 0.30 | trace a | -b | trace a | 11.56 ± 0.20 | trace a | -b | trace a | 7.86 ± 0.17 | 3.64 ± 0.15 |
| TOTAL of flavonoid aglycones | 57.14 | 33.28 | 15.58 | 13.59 | 26.41 | 11.26 | 11.39 | 62.77 | 9.64 | 21.98 |
a trace—trace amounts; b—not detected.