Figure 1.

The representative uCT images and data show the comparisons of hip osteoarthritis (OA) with a fracture in two- (a) and three-dimensional architecture (b). Osteoarthritic bone was characterized by high bone mass disproportionately concentrated in the load-bearing regions in comparison with hip fracture bone. This is believed to be regulated by periostin and sclerostin (c). Enhanced periostin and decreased sclerostin expressions upon mechanical loading can activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling through LRP5/6. β-catenin then promotes gene transcription in the targeted cell, such as osteoblasts, which results in bone formation.