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. 2021 Jun 19;10(6):771. doi: 10.3390/pathogens10060771

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Impact of the 6K/TF Frameshift structure on Alphaviral Pathogenesis. (A) The presence of a frameshift slippage site followed by a series of tandem stem-loops (programmed frameshift element; PRF) allows for the production of the transframe (TF) protein [76]. Proper expression of the TF protein has been shown to be correlated with neuropathogenesis for multiple alphaviruses [77,78]. (B) The secondary structure of the PRF of CHIKV, with the site of the frame-shift indicated. Also labeled is the PRF element.