Table 3.
All-cause and cause-specific mortality in relation to egg intake.
| Blacks, n = 47,789 | Whites, n = 20,360 | Chinese, n = 134,280 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) 1 | HR (95% CI) 1 | HR (95% CI) 1,2 | |
| All causes | |||
| 1 egg/week | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| 3 eggs/week | 1.04 (1.01–1.06) | 1.01 (0.97–1.05) | 0.95 (0.93–0.98) |
| 5 eggs/week | 1.06 (1.02–1.10) | 1.02 (0.96–1.08) | 0.96 (0.92–0.99) |
| 7 eggs/week | 1.07 (1.02–1.12) | 1.03 (0.97–1.10) | 0.99 (0.96–1.03) |
| 10 eggs/week | 1.07 (1.02–1.12) | 1.05 (0.97–1.14) | 1.06 (1.01–1.11) |
| P-linearity 3 | 0.02 | 0.23 | 0.09 |
| P-nonlinearity 4 | 0.05 | 0.88 | <0.001 |
| P-overall 5 | 0.01 | 0.48 | <0.001 |
| Cardiometabolic disease | |||
| 1 egg/week | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| 3 eggs/week | 1.01 (0.97–1.05) | 0.96 (0.89–1.04) | 0.95 (0.91–0.99) |
| 5 eggs/week | 1.03 (0.96–1.09) | 0.97 (0.87–1.08) | 0.95 (0.90–1.00) |
| 7 eggs/week | 1.04 (0.97–1.12) | 1.02 (0.91–1.14) | 0.98 (0.92–1.03) |
| 10 eggs/week | 1.07 (0.99–1.15) | 1.14 (1.00–1.30) | 1.03 (0.95–1.11) |
| P-linearity 3 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.78 |
| P-nonlinearity4 | 0.88 | 0.05 | 0.008 |
| P-overall 5 | 0.18 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
| Coronary heart disease | |||
| 1 egg/week | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| 3 eggs/week | 1.05 (0.97–1.13) | 1.00 (0.89–1.12) | 0.96 (0.90–1.04) |
| 5 eggs/week | 1.07 (0.95–1.20) | 1.03 (0.87–1.21) | 0.97 (0.88–1.07) |
| 7 eggs/week | 1.06 (0.93–1.21) | 1.08 (0.91–1.28) | 1.01 (0.92–1.12) |
| 10 eggs/week | 1.01 (0.88–1.16) | 1.20 (0.98–1.47) | 1.08 (0.95–1.24) |
| P-linearity 3 | 0.85 | 0.09 | 0.34 |
| P-nonlinearity 4 | 0.16 | 0.44 | 0.15 |
| P-overall 5 | 0.36 | 0.18 | 0.22 |
| Stroke | |||
| 1 egg/week | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| 3 eggs/week | 1.01 (0.90–1.12) | 0.93 (0.73–1.19) | 0.94 (0.88–1.00) |
| 5 eggs/week | 1.02 (0.86–1.20) | 0.96 (0.69–1.34) | 0.91 (0.84–0.99) |
| 7 eggs/week | 1.03 (0.85–1.24) | 1.07 (0.75–1.51) | 0.91 (0.84–0.99) |
| 10 eggs/week | 1.05 (0.86–1.28) | 1.34 (0.89–2.02) | 0.92 (0.81–1.03) |
| P-linearity 3 | 0.58 | 0.20 | 0.08 |
| P-nonlinearity 4 | 0.92 | 0.25 | 0.18 |
| P-overall 5 | 0.86 | 0.22 | 0.09 |
| Diabetes | |||
| 1 egg/week | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| 3 eggs/week | 1.05 (0.95–1.16) | 0.93 (0.75–1.15) | 0.99 (0.88–1.11) |
| 5 eggs/week | 1.10 (0.93–1.29) | 0.91 (0.67–1.22) | 1.02 (0.88–1.19) |
| 7 eggs/week | 1.13 (0.95–1.35) | 0.91 (0.66–1.24) | 1.09 (0.93–1.27) |
| 10 eggs/week | 1.18 (0.97–1.42) | 0.93 (0.63–1.38) | 1.20 (0.99–1.46) |
| P-linearity 3 | 0.10 | 0.68 | 0.08 |
| P-nonlinearity 4 | 0.75 | 0.61 | 0.37 |
| P-overall 5 | 0.24 | 0.81 | 0.14 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio. 1 Adjusted for age, sex, education, annual income, marital status, total energy intake, smoking status, smoking pack-years, alcohol consumption, physical activity level, body mass index, healthy eating index, history of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, coronary heart disease, and stroke, and hormone replacement therapy (for women only). 2 Intake of refined carbohydrate was further adjusted for in the Chinese population. 3 P-linearity values were obtained from Cox proportional hazard regression models with the exposure modeled as a linear term. 4 P-nonlinearity values were obtained from Cox proportional hazard regression models with the exposure modeled as both cubic spline and linear terms. 5 P-overall values were obtained for Cox proportional hazard regression models with the exposure modeled as a cubic spline term.