. 2021 Jun 21;10(6):1435. doi: 10.3390/foods10061435

Table 3.

Quantitative values (mM) of metabolites in optimal ripened kimchi samples fermented with probiotic strains.

Groups	Metabolites	Le. Mesenteroides	L. Fermentum	L. Reuteri	L. Rhamnosus	L. Paracasei	L. Salivarius
Carbohydrates	Glucose	27.51 ± 1.99 ^c	27.96 ± 2.06 ^c	36.62 ± 0.39 ^b	47.62 ± 7.26 ^a	32.80 ± 1.99 ^bc	38.61 ± 1.33 ^ab
	Fructose	58.79 ± 1.22 ^b	59.21 ± 0.40 ^b	70.22 ± 1.23 ^a	74.09 ± 5.62 ^a	73.58 ± 2.76 ^a	67.91 ± 0.61 ^a
	Sucrose	4.28 ± 0.86 ^a	4.77 ± 0.88 ^a	4.14 ± 0.78 ^a	4.01 ± 0.81 ^a	4.45 ± 0.07 ^a	4.34 ± 0.48 ^a
Alcohols	Ethanol	16.62 ± 1.62 ^ab	18.75 ± 0.13 ^a	16.46 ± 1.39 ^ab	14.17 ± 1.44 ^b	14.24 ± 1.49 ^b	14.21 ± 0.95 ^b
Alcohols	Mannitol	28.95 ± 2.22 ^a	29.55 ± 2.33 ^a	27.79 ± 1.20 ^a	20.10 ± 0.83 ^b	23.10 ± 1.32 ^b	23.20 ± 0.59 ^b
Organic acids	2-Aminobutyrate	1.80 ± 0.33 ^a	1.68 ± 0.13 ^a	1.64 ± 0.51 ^a	1.26 ± 0.83 ^a	1.71 ± 0.37 ^a	1.38 ± 0.50 ^a
	4-Aminobutyrate	1.93 ± 0.02 ^b	1.62 ± 0.55 ^b	4.15 ± 0.81 ^a	4.15 ± 0.48 ^a	2.85 ± 0.73 ^ab	3.30 ± 0.60 ^a
	Acetate	13.92 ± 1.64 ^ab	16.63 ± 1.90 ^b	12.86 ± 0.89 ^a	10.44 ± 1.73 ^a	10.34 ± 1.28 ^a	12.24 ± 1.73 ^a
	Lactate	24.55 ± 6.72 ^b	21.92 ± 4.15 ^ab	19.51 ± 1.24 ^ab	16.16 ± 0.54 ^a	16.32 ± 1.06 ^a	18.81 ± 1.89 ^ab
	Succinate	0.81 ± 0.24 ^a	1.34 ± 0.43 ^a	1.70 ± 0.10 ^a	0.99 ± 0.38 ^a	1.01 ± 0.51 ^a	1.04 ± 0.58 ^a
	Pyruvate	0.27 ± 0.09 ^a	0.20 ± 0.08 ^a	0.42 ± 0.11 ^a	0.29 ± 0.14 ^a	0.28 ± 0.02 ^a	0.45 ± 0.25 ^a
Amino acids	Alanine	7.36 ± 1.65 ^a	8.72 ± 1.80 ^a	8.56 ± 0.77 ^a	7.71 ± 0.74 ^a	7.89 ± 0.22 ^a	7.91 ± 1.19 ^a
	Arginine	1.86 ± 1.42 ^b	2.43 ± 0.27 ^b	1.88 ± 0.20 ^ab	3.85 ± 0.29 ^a	2.60 ± 0.51 ^ab	3.90 ± 0.50 ^a
	Glutamate	9.95 ± 3.12 ^ab	11.49 ± 0.28 ^ab	13.49 ± 0.81 ^a	10.59 ± 0.73 ^ab	10.04 ± 0.18 ^ab	8.93 ± 1.91 ^b
	Glutamine	13.69 ± 3.68 ^a	9.42 ± 3.22 ^a	12.85 ± 1.22 ^a	11.60 ± 0.44 ^a	10.04 ± 0.58 ^a	9.50 ± 0.87 ^a
	Glycine	5.74 ± 4.35 ^a	5.37 ± 1.17 ^a	4.34 ± 0.70 ^a	1.70 ± 1.34 ^a	4.03 ± 0.95 ^a	3.01 ± 0.41 ^a
	Isoleucine	0.63 ± 0.64 ^a	0.67 ± 0.71 ^a	1.07 ± 0.77 ^a	0.91 ± 0.65 ^a	0.59 ± 0.57 ^a	0.77 ± 0.65 ^a
	Leucine	0.83 ± 0.22 ^a	0.80 ± 0.36 ^a	1.70 ± 0.86 ^a	1.06 ± 0.64 ^a	1.20 ± 0.40 ^a	1.40 ± 0.70 ^a
	Lysine	1.70 ± 1.02 ^a	1.16 ± 0.27 ^a	0.75 ± 0.44 ^a	0.64 ± 0.50 ^a	0.92 ± 0.23 ^a	0.92 ± 0.08 ^a
	Methionine	0.62 ± 0.06 ^a	1.20 ± 0.08 ^a	0.56 ± 0.24 ^a	0.31 ± 0.08 ^a	0.99 ± 0.16 ^a	1.09 ± 0.12 ^a
	Proline	2.67 ± 1.08 ^a	2.62 ± 0.75 ^a	2.24 ± 0.33 ^a	1.76 ± 1.07 ^a	1.62 ± 0.68 ^a	2.50 ± 0.76 ^a
	Serine	15.70 ± 0.99 ^ab	15.77 ± 0.79 ^ab	15.82 ± 1.78 ^ab	11.66 ± 0.95 ^b	14.95 ± 2.03 ^ab	16.50 ± 3.55 ^a
	trans-4-Hydroxy-L-proline	0.31 ± 0.10 ^c	1.08 ± 0.20 ^bc	1.80 ± 1.18 ^abc	2.94 ± 1.74 ^ab	2.34 ± 0.59 ^ab	3.61 ± 1.39 ^a
	Threonine	2.74 ± 0.99 ^a	3.94 ± 0.84 ^a	1.46 ± 1.13 ^a	1.72 ± 1.53 ^a	2.05 ± 1.73 ^a	3.89 ± 1.11 ^a
	Tyrosine	0.45 ± 0.06 ^a	0.46 ± 0.07 ^a	0.42 ± 0.11 ^a	0.47 ± 0.04 ^a	0.55 ± 0.16 ^a	0.29 ± 0.13 ^a
	Valine	0.64 ± 0.43 ^a	1.27 ± 0.30 ^a	0.91 ± 0.47 ^a	1.00 ± 0.63 ^a	0.75 ± 0.44 ^a	1.14 ± 0.53 ^a

The different superscript letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05) in the concentration of each metabolite.