Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Phase characterization of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). (a) X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra indicating the characteristic peaks of α-PVDF and β-PVDF for raw PVDF powder. (b) XRD spectra and (c) Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of PVDF films fabricated at dissolution temperatures of 50 to 200 °C. (d) Comparison of β-PVDF content at increasing dissolution temperatures (* p < 0.05, n = 3).
