Figure 5.

Effects of GLE (green lettuce leaf extract) on (A) SOD, (B) SOD2, (C) CAT, (D) GPx1, (E) α₂-GABA_A, (F) GABA_B-R1, (G) GABA_B-R2, and (H) 5-HT1A mRNA expression by immobilization stress in rats. Brain tissue was collected nine days after oral administration. Experimental groups include the no-immobilization-stress control group (NIC), control group (CON, stress-induced immobilization), and GLE (green lettuce leaf extract)-treated groups with stress (80 and 120 mg/kg). Values are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) for each group, n = 8. * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 when compared with the NIC group. † p < 0.05, †† p < 0.01, and ††† p < 0.001 when compared with the CON group (ANOVA followed by post-hoc Tukey’s test). α₂-GABA_A: GABA_A receptor subunit alpha2.