| Ctp | Carboxy-terminal processing protease |
| ATCC | American Type Culture Collection |
| eDNA | Extracellular DNA |
| SDS | Sodium dodecyl sulfate |
| EDTA | Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid |
| OMVs | Outer membrane vesicles |
| PG | Peptidoglycan |
| PBPs | Penicillin-binding proteins |
| OM | Outer membrane |
| PCR | Polymerase chain reaction |
| LB | Luria broth |
| OD | Optical density |
| PBS | Phosphate-buffered saline |
| RT | Room temperature |
| BCA | Bicinchoninic acid |
| CPSs | Capsular polysaccharides |
| CR | Congo Red |
| CV | Crystal violet |
| PI | Propidium iodide |
| CFUs | Colony forming units |
| NTA | Nanoparticle tracking analysis |
| MTT | 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide |
| OMT | Outer membrane tubes |
| MVs | Membrane vesicles |