Table 1.
List of studies describing the increased risk for various CVD in HIV patient cohorts on Anti-Retroviral Therapy.
| Study | Country | No. of HIV + Patients |
Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lang et al. [11] (2010) |
France | 74,958 | Myocardial Infarction (Standardized Morbidity Ratio 1.5) |
| Hsue et al. [12] (2010) |
USA | 196 | Left Ventricular Mass Index (77.2 g/m (2) vs. 66.5 g/m (2) p < 0.0001) |
| Diastolic Dysfunction (50% vs. 29% p = 0.008) | |||
| Durand et al. [13] (2010) |
Canada | 7053 | Acute Myocardial Infarction (Adjusted Incidence Ratio 2.11) |
| Butt et al. [14] (2011) |
USA | 2391 | Heart Failure (Hazard Ratio 1.81) |
| Sliwa et al. [15] (2012) |
South Africa | 518 | Pericarditis (13% vs. 1.2%, p < 0.001) |
| Lorgis et al. [16] (2012) |
USA | 608 | Ischemic Cardiomyopathy (7.6% vs. 4.2% p = 0.02) |
| Freiberg et al. [17] (2013) |
USA | 27,350 | Acute Myocardial Infarction (Hazard Ratio 1.48) |
| Womack et al. [18] (2014) |
USA | 710 | Cardiovascular Disease Outcome (Hazard Ratio = 2.8) |
| Luo et al. [19] (2014) |
China | 325 | Diastolic Dysfunction (Prevalence 16.5% vs. 7.2%, p = 0.027) |
| Fontes-Carvalho et al. [20] (2015) |
Portugal | 206 | Diastolic Dysfunction (Prevalence 19% vs. 3.3%, p < 0.05) |
| Rasmussen et al. [21] (2015) | Denmark | 3251 | Myocardial Infarction (Incidence Rate Ratio 1.78) |
| Chow et al. [22] (2015) |
USA | 100 | Subclinical Atherosclerosis (mean Coronary Artery Calcium Score, Relative Risk = 1.20, p < 0.05) |
| Al-Kindi et al. [23] (2016) |
USA | 36,400 | Heart Failure (Relative Risk 1.66) |
| Freiberg et al. [24] (2017) |
USA | 31,523 | HFpEF (Hazard Ratio 1.21) |
| HFrEF (Hazard Ratio 1.61) | |||
| Knudsen et al. [25] (2018) |
Denmark | 908 | Peripheral Artery Disease (Adjusted Odds Ratio 1.9) |
| Alonso et al. [26] (2019) |
USA | 19,798 | Stroke (Hazard Ratio 2.3) |
| Myocardial Infarction (Hazard Ratio 1.2) | |||
| Heart Failure (Hazard Ratio 2.8) | |||
| Atrial Fibrillation (Hazard Ratio1.3) | |||
| Beckman et al. [27] (2019) |
USA | 28,714 | Peripheral Artery Disease (Hazard Ratio 1.19) |
| Rao et al. [28] (2019) |
Various | 248,145 * | Acute Myocardial Infarction (Relative Risk 1.96) |
| Chattranukulchai et al. [29] | Thailand | 298 | Diastolic Dysfunction (Adjusted Odds Ratio 3.5) |
| LV Hypertrophy (Adjusted Odds Ratio 1.91) | |||
| Gaspar Vallilo et al. [30] | Brazil | 148 | LV Dilation and ART (Adjusted Odds Ratio 0.98) |
| Septal Hypertrophy and ART (Adjusted Odds Ratio 0.96) | |||
| Shen et al. [31] | China | 587 | ST-T segment elevation and ART (Adjusted Odds Ratio 0.96) |
| All ECG abnormality and ART (Adjusted Odds Ratio 0.95) |
* = pooled meta-analysis from 16 studies.