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. 2021 Jun 26;44:173–187. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.06.011

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© 2021 The Authors

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Fig. 1 — The catabolic pathway of BCAAs along with the extracted diagnostic biomarkers for insulin resistance and deficiency of B complex vitamins, zinc (Zn) and magnesium (Mg). BCAT: Branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase, BCKADC: Branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase complex, 3-MCC: 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, PCC: Propionyl-CoA carboxylase, MCM: Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase. Vitamins acting as coenzymes in the reactions are marked with yellow.