Table 3.

Examples of studies integrating imaging data with mathematical modeling at the tissue scale.

Paper	Modeling Approach	Scale	Use of Data
d’Esposito 2018 [80]	Continuum	Tissue	Whole tumor imaging was used to initialize vasculature network, perfusion model validated against DCE-MRI
Stamatelos 2019 [48]	Continuum	Tissue	Whole tumor microscopy was used to initialize tumor vasculature
Adhikarla 2012, 2016 [83,84]	Discrete	Tissue	CT data was used to initialize vasculature network, model parameters were calibrated against PET measures of hypoxia
Wu 2020 [33]	Continuum	Tissue	DCE-MRI used to initialize breast vasculature
Titz 2012 [143]	Continuum	Cell-Tissue	PET estimates of oxygenation and proliferation were used to initialize tumor simulation and calibrate model parameters
Hormuth 2019,2020 [32,85]	Continuum	Tissue	Time-resolved DCE-MRI to calibrate and validate models
Jarrett 2018, 2020 [28,86]	Continuum	Tissue	Time-resolved DCE-MRI used to estimate drug delivery