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. 2021 Jun 17;13(6):1161. doi: 10.3390/v13061161

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

A model showing HIV-1 CA-interacting host factors during microtubule trafficking, nuclear import and integration targeting. Dynein adaptor protein BICD2 and kinesin-1 adaptor protein FEZ1 bind to HIV-1 CA and facilitate the HIV-1 reverse transcription complex (RTC)/pre-integration complex (PIC) trafficking towards the nuclear membrane. At the nuclear pore complex (NPC), Nup358 interacts with the CA protein and mediates the docking of RTC/PIC. Then, Nup153 interacts with the CA protein and mediates PIC translocation through the NPC. CPSF6 then binds to and directs CA to active regions of euchromatin, proximal to nuclear speckles and speckle-associated domains (SPADs). TNPO3 also facilitate virus integration, possibly by promoting nuclear core uncoating.