Table 2.
Examples of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines (12 of 88 [60]) from the main types (from the 7 April 2021 infovac update) and two main monoclonal antibodies among those in clinical trials (from a 15 December 2020 review).
| Vaccine Type | Vaccine/mAb and Sponsor Names | Description of the Vaccine/mAb | Type of Test | Number of Participant/Phase |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inactivated vaccine [61] | Coronavac (Sinovac and Butantan Institute) | Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus, with aluminum salts | phase I/II + phase III | 144 (phase I); 600 (phase II) and 8870 (phase III) |
| Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences) |
Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus | phase I/II | 942 | |
| BBIBP-CorV (Beijing Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd. and Laboratorio Elea Phoenix S.A.) |
phase I/II and phase III | 448 (phase I); 1412 (phase II) and 3000 (phase III) | ||
| Subunit/purified vaccines [61] | NVX-CoV2373 (Novavax) | Nanoparticles containing Spike trimers with Matrix-M adjuvant | phase I/II, phase II in South Africa, and phase III (UK) + phase III (USA, Mexico and Puerto Rico) | 1631; 2904; 15,000 and 30,000 |
| UB-612 (United Biomedical, COVAXX) | S1 and S2 subunits of the Spike protein and M and N proteins of SARS-CoV-2 | phase I + phase II/III | 60 and 7320 | |
| SCB-2019 (Clover Biopharmaceuticals Australia) |
SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein subunit in trimer form, with or without adjuvants (adjuvant 1: AS03/adjuvant 2: oligonucleotide “CpG 1018” + aluminum salts) | phase I + phase II/III | 150 and 34,000 | |
| Vector vaccines [61] | AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) (University of Oxford and Astra Zeneca) |
Chimpanzee Adenovirus expressing the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein | phase I/II + phaseIIb/III + phase III | 1090; 10,260 and 40,050 |
| GRAd-COV2 (ReiThera Srl) |
Inactivated gorilla Adenovirus, expressing the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein | phase I | 90 | |
| Ad26.COV2.S (Johnson & Johnson) |
Inactivated human Adenovirus type 26 expressing the SARS-CoV-2 Spike | phase I/II + phase III | 1045 and 60,000 | |
| Genetic vaccines (DNA, RNA) [61] | BNT162 (Pfizer-BioNTech) |
mRNA encoding the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein, encapsulated in a lipid nanoparticle | phase I/II+ phase I/II + phase III | 196; 7600 and 30,000 |
| mRNA-1273 (Moderna) |
mRNA encoding the SARS-CoV-2 Spike | phase I + phase II + III | 105,600 and 30,000 | |
| AG0301-COVID19 (AnGes, Inc., Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development) |
Spike encoding DNA plasmid | phase I/II | 30 | |
| Monoclonal antibodies [62] | Bamlanivimab (LY-CoV555)/(Eli Lilly and Company) [63] | recombinant neutralizing human IgG1κ | Authorized by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in November 2020 | 465 (phase II) |
| Casirivimab (REGN10933) + Imdevimab (REGN10987) [64] | Cocktail of Spike neutralization antibodies | 799 (Phase I-III) |