Table 3.
Differences in PCL-C, SDS, SAS and PQSI between the pre-test and post-test groups
| Pre-test | Post-test | Repeated measures MANOVA | |||||||||
| Intervention | Control | Intervention | Control | Group | Time | Group x Time Interaction | |||||
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | F | P-value | F | P-value | F | P-value | Effect Size** | |
| PCL-C | 75.2±4.01 | 74.45±4.86 | 49.52±7.32 | 58.65±7.48 | 26.214 | <0.001* | 639.976 | <0.001* | 36.300 | <0.001* | 0.143 |
| re-experience | 21.55±2.05 | 21.42±2.11 | 14.57±3.54 | 18.36±3.02 | 24.517 | <0.001* | 184.689 | <0.001* | 28.282 | <0.001* | 0.115 |
| voidance/numbing | 31.88±2.39 | 31.93±2.55 | 20.68±5.01 | 24.02±5.79 | 9.017 | 0.003* | 286.084 | <0.001* | 8.470 | 0.004* | 0.037 |
| hyper-arousal | 21.77±2.01 | 21.11±2.92 | 14.27±4.3 | 16.27±3.12 | 2.463 | 0.118 | 206.850 | <0.001* | 9.643 | 0.002* | 0.042 |
| PSQI | 15.87±2.85 | 15.84±2.86 | 13.16±2.87 | 14.31±2.86 | 2.089 | 0.15 | 30.519 | <0.001* | 2.390 | 0.124 | 0.011 |
| SAS | 61.11±11.42 | 61.47±11.84 | 51.64±9.5 | 50.7±10.23 | 0.146 | 0.703 | 52.142 | <0.001* | 0.740 | 0.390 | 0.003 |
| SDS | 53.52±11.84 | 54.29±11.51 | 46.89±8.95 | 50.4±8.98 | 2.346 | 0.127 | 14.159 | <0.001* | 0.957 | 0.329 | 0.004 |
* p < 0.05.
Differences by time, group, and time x group were assessed with repeated measures MANOVA.
**Effect size was determined by Partial Eta Squared.
Abbreviations: SD=Standard Deviation; PCL-C=PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version; SDS=Self-rating Depression Scale; SAS=Self-rating Anxiety Scale; PSQI=the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.