Table 3.

Multiple linear regression analysis for the prediction of heart rate changes (adjusted model)

Variable	Category	HR difference (video on—baseline) R2 = 0.195	HR difference (topical anesthesia application— baseline) R2 = 0.267	HR difference (needle insertion—baseline) R2 = 0.232	HR difference (after local anesthesia—baseline) R2 = 0.331
		β ± SE (95% CI) P-value	β ± SE (95% CI) P-value	β ± SE (95% CI) P-value	β ± SE (95% CI) P-value
Age	6–8 years	− 0.64 ± 2.90 (− 6.48 to 5.20) 0.827	2.26 ± 2.89 (− 3.56 to 8.08) 0.438	2.91 ± 3.96 (− 5.07 to 10.88) 0.467	3.46 ± 3.99 (− 4.57 to 11.50 0.390
	9–12 years	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Gender	Females	− 1.12 ± 2.88 (− 6.92 to 4.68) 0.700	− 0.79 ± 2.87 (− 6.57 to 4.99) 0.785	2.59 ± 3.93 (− 5.33 to 10.52) 0.513	7.01 ± 3.96 (− 0.97 to 14.99) 0.084
	Males	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
HR baseline		− 0.33 ± 0.12 (− 0.56 to − 0.09) 0.007*	− 0.44 ± 0.12 (− 0.67 to − 0.21)  < 0.001*	− 0.52 ± 0.16 (− 0.84 to − 0.20) 0.002*	− 0.59 ± 0.16 (− 0.91 to − 0.27) 0.001*
Group	Test	6.49 ± 2.93 (0.60 to 12.38) 0.032*	4.65 ± 2.92 (− 1.23 to 10.52) 0.118	7.24 ± 3.99 (− 0.81 to 15.28) 0.077	10.68 ± 4.03 (2.58 to 18.79) 0.011*
	Control	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference

HR heart rate

^*Statistically significant