Table 2. Characteristics of the included studies.
| Ref | Design of study | Sociodemographic characteristics | Measurement of medication adherence | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (M) | Sample size | % Male | Participants origin/cultural groups | Duration of hypertension | |||
| 22 | Cross-sectional study | >28y | 538 | 39.1% | Palestinian citizens- Gaza | >1 year | Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) |
| 30 | Cross-sectional study | 57.6 | 989 | 47.3% | Ethiopian- Ethiopia | - | Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) |
| 8 | Descriptive study | 64.9 | 259 | 41.3% | Turkish patients- Turkey | >1 year | Medication Adherence Self-Efficacy Scale |
| 27 | Cross-sectional study | 72.1 | 150 | 44% | Older patients hospitalized in Poland | > 6 years | Hill-Bone Compliance to High Blood Pressure Therapy Scale (Hill-Bone CHBPTS) |
| 24 | Cluster Randomized trial | 67.3 | 455 | 47.6% | Rural Chinese patients-China | - | Face to face interview questions after 6-12 months about missing pills or not taking prescribed medications |
| 10 | Cross-sectional questionnaire-guided interview | 62.8 | 250 | 43.2% | Nigerian patients in Nigeria | - | Morisky Modified Adherence Scale (MMAS-4) |
| 21 | Descriptive cross-sectional study | 60.6 | 420 | 49% | Nigerian patients in Nigeria | <1 y; 10.2% 1-5y; 55.1% 6-10y; 22.1% >10y; 12.5% | Estimated manually by means of patient self-report |
| 26 | Cluster Randomized trial | >50y | 264 | 52% | Patients from multi-center in Spain | 11 y | Haynes-Sackett test |
| 23 | Randomized clinical trial study | >18 y | 64 | - | Iranian patients in Iran | - | Ten questions within a questionnaire about medication adherence |
| 25 | Cross-sectional study | 62.64 ± 10.66 | 397 | 33.5% | Turkish patients in Turkey | Average of 9.6 y | Medication Adherence Self-Efficacy Scale |
| 28 | Cross-sectional study | 49y | 120 | 22.5% | African American- USA | Average of 8.4 y | Hill-Bone Compliance to High Blood Pressure Therapy Scale |
| 29 | Randomized controlled trial | 21-85y | 584 | 45.7% | American patients in USA | - | Morisky self-reported adherence questionnaire |
| 31 | Cross-sectional study | 57.6±13.5 | 300 | 59% | Malaysian patients in Malysia | >12 months | 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale |
| 32 | Cross- sectional study | >35 y | 200 | 39.5% | Indonesian patients in Indonesia | - | Medication adherence questionnaire addressing the reasons for non-adherence |
Ref: bibliographic reference of the study