AICAR	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide
Akt	serine/threonine-protein kinase or protein kinase B (PKB)
AMPK	adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase
APC	adenomatous polyposis coli
BMI	body mass index
BT	butyrate
CaMKK	calcium/calmodulin-dependent proteinase
CamKKB	calmodulin kinase kinase B
CI	confidence interval
cIGF-1	circulating IGF-1
CIN	chromosome instability
CoSCs	colonic stem cells
CRC	colorectal cancer
CRNDE	colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed gene
CSM	cancer-specific mortality
DM I, II	diabetes mellitus type 1, type 2
DPP4	dipeptidyl peptidase 4
ENO1	enolase 1
FOXO	forkhead box protein
ERK	extracellular signal-regulated kinase
GA	glutaminase
GH	growth hormone
GLP-1	glucagon-like peptide-1
GLUTs	glucose transporters
GPI	glycosylphosphatidylinositol
GRP78/BiP	G protein-coupled receptor 78/binding immunoglobulin protein
HIF-1α	hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 1 alpha
HK II	hexokinase II
HOMA-IR	homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance
HR	hazard ratio
IGF-1, -2	insulin-like growth factor 1, -2
IGFBPs	IGF binding proteins
IGF-1R	IGF receptor type 1
INSR	insulin receptor
IR	insulin resistance
JAK	Janus kinase
KLK10	kallikrein-related peptidase 10
KRAS	oncogene found in Kirsten rat sarcoma virus
LDH5, A, B	lactate dehydrogenase 5, A, B, etc.
LKB1	liver kinase B1 or serine/threonine kinase 11 (STK11)
MetS	metabolic syndrome
MYC	family of regulator genes/protooncogenes that code for transcription factors
NF-κB	nuclear factor-kappa B
OD	odds ratio
OXPHOS	oxidative phosphorylation
PDH	pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
PEPCK	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
PFKM	ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type
PKM2	pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme 2
PTBP1	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1
PTEN	phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten
ROS	reactive oxygen species
RR	relative risk
SNPs	single nucleotide polymorphisms
STAT1/3	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1/3
STZ	streptozocin
TAK1	TGF-β-activated protein kinase 1
TGF-β	transforming-growth factor beta
TMEM219	the IGFBP-3 receptor
TP53	tumor protein 53
UPC1	uncoupling protein 1; thermogenin
VEGF	vascular endothelial growth factor