Table 3.

Equine Utrecht University Scale for Facial Assessment of Pain (EQUUS-FAP). Assessments were based on a 2-minute observation period, as described in a previous study [17].

Facial Expression	Description	Score
Head	Normal movement Less/no or more/exaggerated movement	0 2
Eyelids	Opened More opened eyes or tightening of eyelids with partial closure Obviously more opened eyes (possibly with a rim of the upper eyelid) or obvious tightening of eyelids with (near) complete closure	0 1 2
Focus	Focused on environment Less focused on environment Not focused on environment	0 1 2
Nostrils	Relaxed A bit more opened, nostrils lifted, wrinkles seen Obviously more opened, nostril flaring, possibly audible breathing	0 1 2
Corners mouth/lips	Relaxed Lifted	0 2
Muscle tone head	No fasciculations Mild fasciculations Obvious fasciculations	0 1 2
Flehming/yawning/smacking of the lips	Not seen Seen	0 2
Teeth grinding and/or moaning	Absent Present	0 2
Ear response to auditory stimulus (clicking sound)	Clear response with both ears or ear closest to source Delayed/reduced response to sounds No response to sounds and / or abnormal ear position	0 1 2
Total		/24