. 2021 Jun 21;26(12):3771. doi: 10.3390/molecules26123771

Table 2.

Different cases of equations indicating the changes of two formulation variables to deviate from optimum formulation and to return to it (ΔHLD = 0) with coefficients found in experimental data.

HLD Equation–Surfactant Type
ΔHLD₁ = ΔLnS − 0.16 ΔACN = 0 for alkylbenzene sulfonates ΔHLD₂ = ΔLnS − 0.19 ΔACN = 0 for alkyltrimethyl ammonium chlorides ΔHLD₃ = ΔLnS − 0.07 ΔACN = 0 for alkyl hexapropyleneoxide diethylenoxide sulfates ΔHLD₄ = 0.33 ΔSAT − ΔEON = 0 for ethoxylated n-alcohol with EON~5 and T~25 °C ΔHLD₅ = 0.13 ΔS − ΔEON = 0 for ethoxylated n-alcohol with EON~5 and T~25 °C ΔHLD₆ = 2.25 ΔSAT − ΔACN = 0 for ethoxylated n-alcohol with EON~5 ΔHLD₇ = − 0.24 ΔACN − ΔEON = 0 for ethoxylated n-alcohol with EON~5 ΔHLD₈ = − ΔT − 20 ΔACN = 0 for n-alkyl sulfates ΔHLD₉ = − ΔT − 14.3 ΔACN = 0 for alkylbenzene sulfonates ΔHLD₁₀ = ΔT − 4 ΔACN = 0 for ethoxylated nonionic (EON~5–6 & T~20–30 °C) ΔHLD₁₁ = ΔT − 1.4 ΔACN = 0 for ethoxylated nonionic (EON~8–9 & T~70 °C) ΔHLD₁₂ = ΔT − 0.90 ΔACN = 0 for ethoxylated nonionic (EON~10–11 & T~80–90 °C) ΔHLD₁₃ = − ΔGN − 0.12 ΔACN = 0 for polyglyceryl monolaurate (GN~5–6) ΔHLD₁₄ = ΔLnS − 0.14 ΔPON = 0 for alkyl polypropyleneoxide diethylenoxide sulfates

HLD Equation–Surfactant Type

ΔHLD₁ = ΔLnS − 0.16 ΔACN = 0 for alkylbenzene sulfonates
ΔHLD₂ = ΔLnS − 0.19 ΔACN = 0 for alkyltrimethyl ammonium chlorides
ΔHLD₃ = ΔLnS − 0.07 ΔACN = 0 for alkyl hexapropyleneoxide diethylenoxide sulfates
ΔHLD₄ = 0.33 ΔSAT − ΔEON = 0 for ethoxylated n-alcohol with EON~5 and T~25 °C
ΔHLD₅ = 0.13 ΔS − ΔEON = 0 for ethoxylated n-alcohol with EON~5 and T~25 °C
ΔHLD₆ = 2.25 ΔSAT − ΔACN = 0 for ethoxylated n-alcohol with EON~5
ΔHLD₇ = − 0.24 ΔACN − ΔEON = 0 for ethoxylated n-alcohol with EON~5
ΔHLD₈ = − ΔT − 20 ΔACN = 0 for n-alkyl sulfates
ΔHLD₉ = − ΔT − 14.3 ΔACN = 0 for alkylbenzene sulfonates
ΔHLD₁₀ = ΔT − 4 ΔACN = 0 for ethoxylated nonionic (EON~5–6 & T~20–30 °C)
ΔHLD₁₁ = ΔT − 1.4 ΔACN = 0 for ethoxylated nonionic (EON~8–9 & T~70 °C)
ΔHLD₁₂ = ΔT − 0.90 ΔACN = 0 for ethoxylated nonionic (EON~10–11 & T~80–90 °C)
ΔHLD₁₃ = − ΔGN − 0.12 ΔACN = 0 for polyglyceryl monolaurate (GN~5–6)
ΔHLD₁₄ = ΔLnS − 0.14 ΔPON = 0 for alkyl polypropyleneoxide diethylenoxide sulfates

where S is the salinity in wt% NaCl, EON is the exact or average number of ethylene oxide groups, SAT is the surfactant n-alkyl tail length in carbon atom number, T is the temperature in °C, and GN is the number of glyceryl group in polyglyceryl monolaurate oligomers.