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. 2021 Jun 18;22(12):6550. doi: 10.3390/ijms22126550

Table 2.

Anesthetics and adjuvants in early brain injury (EBI) after SAH in patients.

References Anesthetic Agent/Adjuvants Sample Size Effects
[11] Isoflurane, Sevoflurane, Desflurane, Propofol. 44 CSF caspase-3 levels ↓, serum caspase-3 levels ↑ at one hour after anesthetic exposure.
[20] Propofol 60 Oxidative stress is reduced (gamma-tocopherol and SOD ↑, OH and 8-isoprostane ↓), Cognitive function is improved.

↑ = Activation/Increase/elevation, ↓ = Inhibition/blockade/decrease, SAH =subarachnoid hemorrhage, CSF = cerebrospinal fluid, OH = hydroxyl radical, SOD = superoxide dismutase.