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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
The effect of ECG length on the GADF image; the image generated from a longer ECG captures fine-grained patterns of the signal, and the image generated from a shorter ECG (length reduced using PAA) captures coarse-grained patterns.