Table 1.
Comparison between children with EHPVT depending on the clinical presentation.
| Clinical Features at the First Presentation | Total | Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding | Splenomegaly | Ultrasound Examination | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number (%) | 63 (100%) | 31 (49.21%) | 22 (34.92%) | 10 (15.87%) | - |
| Age, years | 5.26 ± 4.94 | 4.40 ± 4.15 | 4 ± 5.65 | 6.92 ± 5.38 | - |
| Males, n (%) | 33 (50.79%) | 19 (54.84%) | 9 (52.38%) | 5 (36.36%) | 0.3379 |
| Risk factors: | |||||
| UVC | 46 (72.02%) | 30 | 12 | 4 | 0.00011 |
| Thrombophilia | 37/42 * (91.67%) | 16 | 14 | 7 | 0.51769 |
| Bacterial infections | 30 (47.62%) | 17 | 9 | 4 | 0.52792 |
| Preterm birth | 28 (44.44%) | 16 | 6 | 6 | 0.32009 |
| Low birthweight | 24 (38.10%) | 15 | 4 | 5 | 0.05806 |
| Dehydration | 12 (19.08%) | 7 | 3 | 2 | 0.71369 |
| Transfusions on UVC | 10 (15.87%) | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0.84045 |
| Abdominal surgery | 6 (9.52%) | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0.38533 |
| No risk factors identified | 2 (3.17%) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0.14591 |
| White blood cells, /mm3 | 5949 ± 2666 | 6318 ± 2810 | 5977 ± 2696 | 4740 ± 1856 | NS |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 11.23 ± 2.24 | 10.75 ± 2.70 | 11.66 ± 1.55 | 11.74 ± 1.78 | NS |
| Platelets, /mm3 | 142,587 ± 100,158 | 159,581 ± 121,178 | 128,255 ± 77,093 | 119,900 ± 65,349 | NS |
| Varices: | 0.00019 | ||||
| - no varices | 7 | 0 | 5 | 2 | |
| - grade I | 9 | 0 | 7 | 2 | |
| - grade II | 19 | 9 | 7 | 3 | |
| - grade III | 28 | 22 | 3 | 3 | |
| Treatment: | |||||
| - Octreotide infusion | 58/88 ** | 58 | 0 | 0 | |
| - Endoscopic band ligation | 26 | 20 | 3 | 3 | 0.00976 |
| - Sclerotherapy | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0.06062 |
| - Surgical treatment | 15 | 9 | 6 | 0 | 0.29249 |
* Thrombophilia tests were only performed in 42 children. ** There were 88 episodes of upper digestive bleeding. NS, non-significant; UVC, umbilical vein catheter. Data are given as mean ± SD or number of cases (percentage).