Table 3.

The bioactive components of date palm and their mechanism.

Date and Date Parts	Active Component	Mechanism	Reference
Date	Simple sugar	Dominant and readily accessible source of energy that provides, save and maintain the mother’s power during labour	[49,50,51]
Date	Glucose	Provide energy, strengthens uterine muscles, and best nutritional material for cervical dilutions	[41,50,57]
Date	Ca	Contraction of the smooth muscle of the uterus	[58,59]
Date	Tannin	Contractions of smooth muscles of the cervix	[58,60]
Date	Tannin and Linoleic acid	Control bleeding	[57]
Date	Sugar, Vitamin B1, and Fe	Control the rate of movement of the uterus	[61]
Date	Folic acid	Role in cell division and the formation of the genetic structure of cells	[62]
Date	Potuchin hormone	Potuchin hormone serves to bind the uterus and muscles of the uterus so that it can help reduce postpartum bleeding	[61]
DPP	Estrogenic compound: estradiol, estriol, and estrone	Alleviate infertility through their gonadotrophic activity in male rats	[63,64,65]
DPP	Estrogen compounds	Estrogen compounds increase the estrogen hormone. These compounds transfer to embryos and offspring via lactate and placenta and affect the reproductive system in adult mice	[66]
DPP	Saponins	Saponins encourage the Leydig cells of the testes to increase the testosterone production system	[67,68]
DPP	Carbohydrates, Saponins and gallic tannins	DPP has an aphrodisiac potential and may increase the reproductive parameters of male adult rats	[69]
DPP	Estradiol components	Play a role in regulating the renewal of spermatogenic cells and male reproductive tissues that possess oestrogen receptors	[50]
DPP grains	Phytochemicals: alkaloids, saponins, and flavonoids	Phytochemicals have engorgement and androgen enhancing properties that improve sexual behavior in male rats	[66]
DPP grains extracts	Estrogenic materials	Gonad stimulating compounds that improve male infertility	[70]

Date palm pollen: DPP; Calcium: Ca.