Table 2.
Pacemaker-related details in included studies. PPI, pacemaker implantation.
| Studies Reporting on RBBB and LBBB Status in Pacemaker Population (n = 25) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| De Carlo et al. [19] | 70% AVB 3% SSS 27% others |
4 | 24% | 32 | 37 | 15 | 9 | * lower MCV implantation below aortic annulus * RBBB * left anterior hemiblock * longer PR interval |
na |
| Gensas et al. [20] | na | na | 25.2% | 41 | 50 | 22 | 10 | * pre-existing RBBB * balloon pre-dilatation * CoreValve use |
na |
| Mouillet et al. [21] | na | na | 30.3% | 115 | 106 | 60 | 24 | na | na |
| Nazif et al. [22] | 79% AVB 17.3% SSS |
3 | 8.8% | 312 | 174 | 82 | 12 | * Pre-existing RBBB * Prosthesis to LV outflow tract diameter ratio * LV-end diastolic diameter |
* longer duration of hospitalization * higher rates of repeat hospitalization and mortality or repeat hospitalization at 1 year |
| Rodriguez-Olivares et al. [23] | na | na | 22.5% | 28 | 32 | 13 | 5 | na | *more LVOT oversizing associated with higher PPI |
| Gonska et al. [24] | 94.2% AVB 3.8% B 2% others |
4,3 | 18.4% | 22 | 74 | 13 | 6 | * baseline AV1B * preprocedural complete RBBB |
na |
| Raelson et al. [25] | 82% AVB | 3 | 9% | 65 | 50 | 19 | 3 | na | na |
| Dumonteil et al. [26] | 88.9% AVB 5.9% others |
3 | 32% | 26 | 145 | 20 | 14 | * baseline RBBB * LV outflow tract overstretch >10% |
* trend lower PPI rate at 30 days with shallower (<=5mm) implant depth |
| Monteiro et al. [27] | na | na | 20.1% | 71 | 93 | 36 | 15 | * previous RBBB * mean aortic gradient >50mmHg * MCV |
na |
| Pellegrini et al. [28] | 71.5% AVB 3.5% SSS 25% B |
na | 10% | 22 | 25 | 6 | 4 | * higher EuroSCORE | na |
| De-Torres-Alba et al. [29] | 96% AVB 1.4% B 2.6% others |
na | 12.5% | 20 | 74 | 7 | 11 | na | na |
| Mangieri et al. [30] | 84% AVB 8.4% B |
0,3 | 8.8% | 37 | 61 | 7 | 5 | na | na |
| Bhardwaj et al. [31] | na | na | 11.5% | 50 | 39 | 11 | 3 | * PPI with short-term reduction in QoL without long-term implications | na |
| Pellegrini et al. [32] | 71.3% AVB 5.2% SSS 23.5% B |
na | 16.2% | 63 | 41 | 30 | 4 | * increase in prosthesis oversizing | na |
| Gaede et al. [33] | 90% AVB 8% SSS 2% B |
4 | 14.7% | 98 | 107 | 31 | 17 | * pre-existing RBBB * CoreValve prosthesis |
Predictors of lack of recovery of AVB * prior RBBB * higher mean aortic valve gradient * post-dilatation of the prosthesis |
| Nadeem et al. [34] | na | na | 21.7% | 113 | 51 | 65 | 4 | na | * PPI more likely to have heart failure admissions * PPI trend toward increased mortality |
| Chamandi et al. [35] | 76.7% AVB 5.6% SSS 3.1% B 14.6% others |
2 | 19.8% | 169 | 179 | 84 | 37 | na | * PPI higher rates of rehospitalization due to heart failure and combined endpoint of mortality or heart failure rehospitalization * PPI lesser improvement in LVEF over time, particularly in patients with reduced LVEF before TAVI |
| Doshi et al. [36] | na | na | 24% | 220 | 724 | 96 | 253 | * female sex * AF * LBBB * AVB |
na |
| Vejpongsa et al. [37] | na | 2 | 9.9% | 715 | 1670 | 265 | 390 | na | na |
| Cresse et al. [38] | na | 4 | 6.7% | 14 | 97 | 6 | 12 | na | * RBBB, LBBB, △PR >40 ms associated with PPI |
| Dolci et al. [39] | 80%AVB 11% B 9% others |
4 | 13% | 29 | 41 | 12 | 3 | * baseline RBBB * QRS width immediately after TAVI |
na |
| Costa et al. [40] | 84.8% AVB 4.1%SSS 11% Others |
na | 13% | 92 | 99 | 39 | 8 | na | * PPI associated with increased 6 years mortality * baseline RBBB higher chance of being dependent at follow-up |
| Meduri et al. [41] | 90% AVB 6% B 4% others |
2 | 28.4% | 85 | 56 | 68 | 20 | * baseline RBBB * mean depth of valve implantation |
* medically-treated diabetes mellitus in LOTUS valve patients |
| Du et al. [42] | 89.5% AVB | 8.7 | 14.8% | 20 | 19 | 6 | 3 | na | na |
| Shivamurthy et al. [43] | na | na | 9.8% | 130 | 79 | 38 | 9 | na | na |
| Studies reporting only on RBBB status in pacemaker population (n = 3) | |||||||||
| Watanabe et al. [44] | na | na | 4.9% | 108 | na | 18 | na | na | na |
| Auffret et al. [45] | na | na | 16.5% | 362 | na | 137 | na | na | na |
| Maeno et al. [46] | 77.9% AVB 11.5% SSS 10.6% |
na | 15.8% | 101 | na | 38 | na | na | na |
| Studies reporting only on LBBB status in pacemaker population (n = 8) | |||||||||
| Testa et al. [47] | na | na | 17.4% | na | 224 | na | 41 | na | * LBBB associated with higher short-term PPI |
| Schymik et al. [48] | na | na | 10.8% | na | 197 | na | 28 | * chronic AF * baseline RBBB * MCV |
na |
| Urena et al. [49] | 55.5% AVB SSS 20.7% 24.1% B |
365 | 4.3% | na | 128 | na | 11 | na | na |
| Nazif et al. [50] | na | na | 5.1% | na | 121 | na | 12 | na | * LBBB with higher PPI and failure of LVEF |
| Fischer et al. [51] | na | na | 15.5% | na | 398 | na | 84 | * pre-existing LBBB increase risk of death but not late PPI | * pre-existing LBBB associated with lower pre-operative LVEF |
| Chamandi et al. [52] | na | na | 7.2% | na | 212 | na | 29 | na | na |
| Nazif et al. [53] | na | na | 4.8% | na | 179 | na | 9 | na | * LBBB associated with PPI and repeat hospitalizations |
| Hamandi et al. [54] | na | na | 18% | na | 52 | na | 6 | na | na |
Values are n (%), mean = SD, or median (interquartile range) as appropriate. * Follow-up is reported as mean or median as given by the authors. PPI = permanent pacemaker implantation; AVB = atrio-ventricular block, SSS = Sick Sinus Syndrom; B = bradycardia; AV = atrio-ventricular; LVEF = left ventricle ejection fraction; VVI = single chamber device; DDD = dual chamber device; MCV = Medtronic CoreValve; RBBB = right bundle branch block; LVF = left ventricle function; BMI = body mass index; QoL = quality of life; AF = atrial fibrillation; LBBB = left bundle branch block; TAVI = trans-catheter aortic valve implantation; na = not available.