Table 3.
Comparison of cardiac function parameters between pre- (T0) and post-intervention (T1).
| T0 | T1 | Statistics | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | p-Value | ES | %Δ | |
| Echocardiography | |||||
| Ejection Fraction (%) | 60.8 ± 4.4 | 62.6 ± 4.1 | 0.550 | 0.12 | +3.1% |
| e’ (cm/s) | 11.6 ± 3.3 | 12.0 ± 3.8 | 0.459 | 0.15 | +3.4% |
| LVEDV/BSA | 47.6 ± 8.7 | 48.5 ± 8.9 | 0.015 | 0.52 | +1.8% |
| LVESV/BSA | 18.4 ± 3.5 | 21.1 ± 11.9 | 0.119 | 0.32 | +14.6% |
| LAESV/BSA | 31.7 ± 7.8 | 31.0 ± 9.2 | 0.350 | 0.19 | −2.0% |
| GLS (%) | −20.1 ± 2.4 | −20.2 ± 2.3 | 0.569 | 0.12 | +0.6% |
| 24 h-Holter monitoring | |||||
| Mean HR (bpm) | 76.6 ± 7.8 | 73.7 ± 8.3 | 0.003 | 0.66 | −3.8% |
| Supraventricular extrasystole (%) | 0.04 ± 0.1 | 0.08 ± 0.28 | 0.380 | 0.18 | +136.9% |
| Ventricular extrasystole (%) | 0.01 ± 0.03 | 0.02 ± 0.07 | 0.450 | 0.15 | +115.4% |
| pNN50 (%) | 5.44 ± 5.49 | 8.03 ± 10.26 | 0.358 | 0.19 | +47.7% |
| ASDNN/5 min (ms) | 50.6 ± 14.4 | 55.3 ± 16.7 | 0.032 | 0.47 | +9.2% |
| RMSSD | 25.12 ± 9.92 | 26.64 ± 11.65 | 0.570 | 0.11 | +6.0% |
| VLF (ms2) | 1598 ± 967 | 1881 ± 963 | 0.118 | 0.32 | +17.7% |
| LF (ms2) | 589 ± 391 | 732 ± 542 | 0.014 | 0.53 | +24.3% |
| HF (ms2) | 157 ± 128 | 225 ± 241 | 0.197 | 0.27 | +43.1% |
| Total power (ms2) | 2627 ± 1393 | 3034 ± 1669 | 0.035 | 0.42 | +15.5% |
Abbreviations: ES, Cohen’s d effect size; %Δ, percentage changes over time; e’, lateral mitral annulus peak velocity; HR, heart rate; LVEDV, left ventricle end diastolic volume; LVESV, left ventricle end systolic volume; LAESV, left atrial end systolic volume; GLS, global longitudinal strain; BSA, body surface area; pNN50, proportion of normal to normal (NN) intervals with a difference more than 50 msec; ASDNN/5 min, average of standard deviation of all 5 min NN intervals; RMSSD, root mean square of successive differences of NN intervals; VLF, very low frequency; LF, low frequency; HF, high frequency.3.3. Changes in Metabolic, Hormonal, and Inflammatory Parameters.