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. 2021 Jun 16;12(6):702. doi: 10.3390/mi12060702

Figure 14.

Figure 14

Single spark process (under the condition of trial 1): (a) image time series of machining process (50 frames); (b,c) combine image with normalization or binarization; (d) pulse waveform and spark features; (e) energy and area distribution.