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Baseline characteristics of recruited participants.
| Variables | Value, mean (SD) |
| Age (years) | 71.2 (9.3) |
| BMI | 28.1 (9.8) |
| FEV1a/FVCb | 46.2 (13.9) |
| FEV1 (% predicted) | 44.8 (18.3) |
| Pack-years | 50.2 (31.0) |
aFEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 second.
bFVC: forced vital capacity.
