Figure 3.

Novel strategies for MSC-based cancer gene therapy: (a) biomimetic nonviral vectors are designed to mimic viral characteristics, using liposomes or polymers to construct the scaffolds and then embed certain important functional motifs into them; (b) multitarget vectors are used to transfect different anticancer factors through the same vector; (c) MSC-based immunotherapy, using MSCs to deliver tumor antigens, activate immune cells and induce local immune responses. Additionally, MSCs can be used to generate “tracks” and guide CAR-T and other immune cells into the tumor site, meanwhile blocking immunosuppressive signals in the TME by secreting PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies.