Table 2.
Distribution at baseline of anthropometric, biochemical, and immunological characteristics by Italian Mediterranean Index tertiles (n = 59). Italy, 2018–2019.
| Low Adherence (Index Range: 0–3) (n = 24, 40.7%) |
Medium Adherence (Index Range: 4–5) (n = 23, 39.0%) |
High Adherence (Index Range 6–8) 2 (n = 12, 20.3%) |
p | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median | [Min–Max] | Median | [Min–Max] | Median | [Min–Max] | ||
| Gender, n (%) | 0.848 | ||||||
| Male | 5 | (20.8) | 6 | (26.1) | 2 | (16.7) | |
| Female | 19 | (79.0) | 17 | (73.9) | 10 | (83.3) | |
| Smoking habit, n (%) 1 | 0.797 | ||||||
| Never smoker | 11 | (50.0) | 10 | (47.6) | 5 | (45.5) | |
| Ex-smoker | 8 | (36.4) | 10 | (47.6) | 4 | (36.4) | |
| Current smoker | 3 | (13.6) | 1 | (4.8) | 2 | (18.2) | |
| Age at enrollment, years | 46.2 | [18.3–86.4] | 53.7 | [35.4–84.8] | 46.1 | [40.5–55.0] | 0.389 |
| Weight, kg | 73.5 | [47.0–103.0] | 67.0 | [44.0–94.5] | 66.5 | [56.0–84.5] | 0.431 |
| Height, m | 1.7 | [1.43–1.8] | 1.7 | [1.4–1.8] | 1.7 | [1.58–1.8] | 0.949 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.5 | [19.2–36.8] | 25.4 | [20.0–31.9] | 24.7 | [20.3–31.8] | 0.380 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 85.5 | [64.0–113.0] | 83.0 | [70.0–105.0] | 84.0 | [68.0–101.0] | 0.543 |
| Hip circumference, cm | 107.0 | [90.0–123.0] | 104.0 | [89.0–115.0] | 101.5 | [90.0–122.0] | 0.391 |
| WHR | 0.8 | [0.7–1.0] | 0.8 | [0.7–1.0] | 0.8 | [0.7–1.0] | 0.952 |
| Abdomen circumference, cm | 99.5 | [69.0–120.0] | 98.0 | [81.0–110.0] | 97.0 | [75–115.0] | 0.501 |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 86.5 | [72.0–212.0] | 82.0 | [72.0–123.0] | 79.0 | [66.0–88.0] | 0.051 |
| Cholesterol, mg/dL 1 | 193.5 | [136.0–269] | 193.5 | [139.0–228.0] | 185.0 | [145–269.0] | 0.486 |
| HDL, mg/dL 1 | 55.5 | [31.0–94.0] | 58.0 | [34.0–79.0] | 63.0 | [41.0–82.0] | 0.176 |
| LDL, mg/dL 1 | 117.0 | [67.0–171.0] | 111.0 | [67.0–157.0] | 110.5 | [55.0–167.0] | 0.535 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL 1 | 96.0 | [44.0–365.0] | 90.0 | [50.0–267.0] | 90.5 | [43.0–164.0] | 0.740 |
| Cortisol, µg/L 1 | 119.5 | [61.0–268.0] | 141.5 | [85.0–226.0] | 121.0 | [68.0–254.0] | 0.471 |
| Insulin, mU/L 1 | 8.9 | [3.0–93.3] | 10.0 | [5.4–35.0] | 8.1 | [3.2–27.7] | 0.334 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg 1 | 120.0 | [100.0–140.0] | 118.0 | [97.0–155.0] | 120.0 | [107.0–130.0] | 0.984 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg 1 | 72.5 | [60.0–90] | 70.0 | [55.0–90.0] | 70.0 | [60.0–90.0] | 0.514 |
| MS, n (%) 1 | 0.719 | ||||||
| No | 19 | (79.2) | 19 | (86.4) | 11 | (91.7) | |
| Yes | 5 | (20.8) | 3 | (13.6) | 1 | (8.3) | |
| INF-γ 1 | 0 | [0–2.3] | 0 | [0–2.8] | 0.2 | [0–7.5] | 0.151 |
| IL-6 1 | 1.0 | [0–55.5] | 1.6 | [0–5.7] | 1.3 | [0–254.4] | 0.489 |
| IL-10 1 | 0.1 | [0–15.0] | 0.4 | [0–1.9] | 0.7 | [0–4.5] | 0.520 |
| IL-17A 1 | 0 | [0–3.6] | 0 | [0–3.3] | 0.5 | [0–18.8] | 0.411 |
| TNFα 1 | 0 | [0–11.0] | 0.345 | [0–5.3] | 0.6 | [0–11.9] | |
BMI: body mass index; WHR: waist-to-hip ratio; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; BP: blood pressure; MS: metabolic syndrome. 1 With the exception of smoking habit and MS, missing values were present only for one patient. 2 No subjects in our study sample reached the maximum IMI score of 11.