Table 2.
The use of antibiotics by clinical characteristics among the suspected COVID-19 patients admitted at 12 selected hospitals in Bangladesh, March–August 2020.
| Characteristics | Suspected COVID-19 Patients (n = 1188) n (%) |
Antibiotic Use n (%) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (n = 1090) |
COVID-19 Sentinel Surveillance (n = 150) |
Hospital-Based Influenza Surveillance (n = 940) |
||
| Signs and symptoms on admission | ||||
| Cough (dry/productive) | 1097 (92.3) | 1027 (94.2) | 87 (58.0) | 940 (100.0) |
| Fever | 1063 (89.5) | 996 (91.4) | 56 (37.3) | 940 (100.0) |
| Shortness of breath | 845 (71.1) | 797 (73.1) | 67 (44.7) | 730 (77.7) |
| Runny nose | 405 (34.1) | 380 (34.9) | 9 (6.0) | 371 (39.5) |
| Headache | 382 (32.1) | 348 (31.9) | 29 (19.3) | 319 (33.9) |
| Sore throat | 225 (18.9) | 210 (19.3) | 18 (12.0) | 192 (20.4) |
| Loss of smell or taste (n = 205) | 69 (33.7) | 49 (4.5) | 49 (32.7) | 0 |
| Fever, cough and difficulty breathing | 765 (64.4) | 739 (67.8) | 9 (6.0) | 730 (77.7) |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| None | 708 (59.6) | 658 (60.4) | 48 (32.0) | 610 (64.9) |
| One or more | 480 (40.4) | 432 (39.6) | 102 (68.0) | 330 (35.1) |
| COVID-19 disease severity (WHO category) | ||||
| Mild (symptoms only) | 436 (36.7) | 357 (32.8) | 109 (72.7) | 248 (26.4) |
| Moderate (pneumonia) | 389 (32.7) | 374 (34.3) | 33 (22.0) | 341 (36.3) |
| Severe (severe pneumonia) | 326 (27.4) | 323 (29.6) | 6 (4.0) | 317 (33.7) |
| Critical (ARDS or Sepsis or septic shock or ICU/ventilation) | 37 (3.1) | 36 (3.3) | 2 (1.3) | 34 (3.6) |
| Care seeking before admission (n = 205) | ||||
| Visited any healthcare provider or facility within two weeks of hospital admission | 160 (78.0) | 114 (76.0) | 114 (76.0) | 0 |
| Death occurred in hospital | 69 (5.8) | 66 (6.1) | 13 (8.7) | 53 (5.6) |