Table 1.
Intergenerational stress memory resistance development in crop plants through epigenetic modifications.
| Crop Species | Stress Resistance | Treatment/Pathway | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) | Drought | Water and osmotic stress | [37,38] |
| Canola (Brassica napus) | Salt/drought | NaCl priming of seeds, halo-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), increased energy use efficiency | [39,40,41] |
| Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) | Low temperature | Solid matrix priming (SMP) | [42] |
| Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) | Drought/salinity | Seed (plants) priming with NaCl and PEG, drought stress memory | [21,25,43,44,45] |
| Mung bean (Vigna radiate) | Drought/salinity | Halopriming of seeds with NaCl and PEG | [46] |
| Maize (Zea Mays) | Low temperature/salt | Water, cold, NaCl, osmotic and hormonal stress | [47,48,49,50,51] |
| Sorghum (Sorghum bicolar) | Salinity | Salt priming of seedlings | [52] |
| Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) | Low temperature | Osmopriming | [49] |
| Rice (Oryza japonica/indica) | Low/high temperature/drought/salt | ABA and H2O2, salt, hydro/dehydro, osmotic, spermidine treatment of seedlings, DNA methylation, gene expression and smRNA and multi-generation drought imposition for abiotic stress tolerance | [53,54,55,56,57,58,59] |
| Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) | Drought | Seed osmotic treatment with PEG | [60] |
| Wheat (Triticum aestivum) | Drought/thermo | Water and osmotic seed priming, pre-drought/heat stress, exogenous ABA application | [33,61,62,63,64] |
| Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) | Drought/salt/cold | NaCl and PEG treatment/miRNAs/lncRNAs expression, cold stress, DNA methylation | [65,66,67,68,69,70] |
| Tea plant (Camellia sinensis) | Drought | PEG and exogenous ABA-treated | [71] |
| Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) | Drought | Water, osmotic, and hormonal seed stress | [72,73] |
| Potato (Solanum tuberosum) | Drought/low temperature | Long-term water stress memory, drought, and low temperature | [36,74,75,76] |
| Coffee (Coffea canephora) | Drought | Transcriptional memory | [77] |
| Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) | Drought/salinity/biotic stress | β-amino-butyric acid, hyperosmotic priming of seedlings | [78,79] |
| Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) | Salinity/abiotic stresses | Priming of seeds with NaCl, ABA, and mannitol induced nitric oxide stresses | [80,81] |
| Soybean (Glycine max) | Drought/salt | Indole acetic acid, NaCl stress on seedlings induced long non-coding RNAs and DNA methylation | [82,83,84] |
| Mung bean (Vigna radiate) | Drought/heavy metals | Indole-3-butyric acid | [85] |
| Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) | Salinity and non-ionic osmotic/thermotolerance | Hydrogen sulfide/sodium hydrosulfide/hydrogen peroxide and sodium nitroprusside priming of roots | [86,87,88] |